Depression

Question 1

What are behavioural characteristics of depression?

Answer 1

1- Change in activity levels- anhedonia
2- Disruption to sleep- insomnia & hypersomnia
3- Disruption to eating behaviour
4- Aggression

Question 2

What are emotional characteristics of depression?

Answer 2

1- Low mood
2- Feelings of worthlessness
3- Anger

Question 3

What are cognitive characteristics of depression?

Answer 3

1- Negative schema

2- Poor concentration

Question 4

What is the negative triad?

Answer 4

Beck believed depressed people acquired a negative schema during childhood so have the tendency to adopt a pessimistic view of the world. This is caused by peer/ parental rejection. Negative schemas are activated when a person encounters new situation which closely resembles the original situation in which the schema was learned. Negative schemas result in cognitive bias in thinking.
Person has irrational beliefs about 3 elements in their belief system: The self, The world, The future

Question 5

Evaluation of the negative triad. 1 GOOD, 2 BAD

Answer 5

G- Terry assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability. -> postpartum depression
B- Cause and effect is not clear
B- Doesn’t explain how some symptoms of depression occur (anger)

Question 6

What is the ABC model?

Answer 6

Ellis:
A= activating event
B= beliefs (rational or irrational)
C= consequences

Question 7

Evaluation of the ABC model. 1 GOOD, 1 BAD

Answer 7

G- Research support. Bates

B- Blames client for having depression

Question 8

What is Beck’s cognitive behavioural therapy?

Answer 8

The aim is cognitive restructuring.

1: thought-catching
2: patient as scientist
3: several strategies to test patients hypothesis
4: positive reinforcement

Question 9

What is REBT?

Answer 9

Ellis, aims at challenging negative thoughts and replacing them with rational beliefs.
Therapist uses logical arguments to show patient their self- defeating beliefs do not logically follow the info available.
Uses empires arguments
Behavioural activation

Question 10

Evaluation of CBT. 2 GOOD, 2 BAD

Answer 10

G- March et al found CBT just as effective as antidepressants (327 adolescents, 36 weeks, 81-81 or 86%)
G- David found better in long term (170, 14w on CBT or fluoxetine, 6 months)
B- Requires patients to self-report thoughts
B- Requires commitment and motivation
B- Disregards other factors out of persons control (domestic violence)