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NAVLE Cattle > Practice Questions > Flashcards

Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

For nervous Coccidiosis in Cattle:

  1. State the age of cattle that are typically affected by the disease
  2. What is the cause of the condition?
  3. What is the pathogenesis?
A
  1. Less than 1y
  2. Eimeria
  3. neurotoxin produced by coccidia parasite → neurological signs
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2
Q

For DCAD diets:

  1. How can you confirm that a DCAD diet is actually working?
  2. Briefly explain the logic behind a DCAD diet
  3. What are two anionic salts and what are two cationic salts?
A
  1. Measure the urine pH should be acidic
  2. More acidotic → increased pH
  3. DCAD diet - increase anionic salts (Cl + S) and decrease cations (Na + K)
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3
Q

How does a CSF tap appear in cases of meningitis?

A

Increased CSF protein and a neutrophilia

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4
Q

How does a CSF tap appear in cases of Listeriosis?

A

Increased monocytes

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5
Q

Compare how CSF tap varies between meningitis and polioencephalomalacia?

A
  • The changes in meningitis CBC and protein are far greater than those seen in polioencephalomalacia
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6
Q

For fog fever (Bovine pulmonary oedema and emphysema):

  1. Describe the cough?
  2. Are animals septic?
  3. Briefly describe the pathophysiology
A
  1. Intermittent loud cough
  2. No signs of sepsis are seen
  3. Pathophysiology: lush pastures high in tryptophan → metabolised to 3-methyl indole (toxic to the lungs)
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7
Q

Briefly describe some history factors in a cow that may lead you to believe Farmers lung is a differential:

A
  1. Animal normally has allergies - combined with a history of being indoors → exposure to the allergen
  2. When animal goes outside the signs improve
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8
Q

Describe the history associated with silo fillers disease:

A
  • Typically die near a silo - result of toxic silo gasses
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9
Q

For the condition below:

  1. State the typical signalment of animals that are affected by this condition
  2. The aetiological agent that is typically involved
  3. Briefly state how it should be treated
A

Ringworm:

  1. Crowed, calves in winter (when little UV light is present
  2. Number one: T.veruccosum and T. metagrophytes is the second most common differential
  3. Topical treatment: Captan, diluted bleach, lime sulphur or miconazole shampoos (systemic therapy is rarely needed)
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10
Q

Some cattle that were recently moved to lush pasture present to you dead. On PM there is acute interstitial pneumoniae and air filled bullae. What TOXIN is most likely indicated?

A
  • 3 - Methyl indole (Fog fever)
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11
Q

What is the name of the toxin involved in sweet potato poisoning and what is the major differential?

A
  • 4-Ipomeanol
  • Fog fever is the major differential (caused by 3-Methylindole)
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12
Q

Provide 4 possible signs that may be seen with pharyngeal trauma in cattle:

A
  1. Inappetence
  2. Mild bloat (vagal nerve involvement of the inflamed throat)
  3. Extended head
  4. Drooling
  5. Swelling and pain in the throat region
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13
Q

What is the treatment of choice for treating manage in a herd of cattle?

A

Ivermectin

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14
Q

On a pregnancy check of a cow you feel ‘crepitus’ what is your diagnosis for this case?

A
  • A macerated foetus
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15
Q

If you feel a firm tarry mass on rectal palpation what is your diagnosis?

A
  • Mummified foetus
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16
Q

If you feel a pyometra post-serving on rectal what is your number one differential?

A

Tritrichomonas foetus

17
Q

What is the number one differential for a tumour in a cow’s eye?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

18
Q

What are the two main nerve block options for removing an ocular tumour from a cow?

A
  • Five point ocular block using lignocaine
  • Peterson’s ocular nerve block
19
Q

For Blackleg:

  1. Name the aetiological agent involved
  2. What group is most susceptible?
  3. What method should be used for treatment?
A
  1. Clostridium chavoei
  2. Calves less than 1 year
  3. On high risk farms start vaccinations from a younger age. Use a multiclostridial vaccine and give to claves 4-8 months of age
20
Q

The image below demonstrates photosensitisation:

  1. State the two different types of photosensitisation that can occur
  2. Describe how you would differentiate between them
A
  1. Primary - caused by a plant/chemical, Secondary - hepatic damage/failure → chlorophyll breakdown products (phylloerythrin)
  2. Check liver enzymes + bilirubin levels
21
Q

What is the recommended treatment for BRSV in cattle?

A
  • Antimicrobial and NSAID’s
  • Corticosteroids if pulmonary oedema is severe
22
Q

For wooden tongue in cattle:

  1. State the cause
  2. State how you would recommend treating it
A
  1. Actinobacillus ligniersi
  2. IV sodium iodide
23
Q

What is the egg count at which you should consider deworming calves to promote weight gain?

A

300-400 eggs/gram

24
Q

What is hydroamnios?

A
  • Gradual accumulation of fluid - the calf is usually clinically unaffected
25
Q

What is hydroallantois and what is the prognosis?

A
  • Disorder of the placenta → rapid accumulation of 100-200L of watery clear fluid during the last trimester
  • Prognosis for the life of the foetus and the fertility of the cow is poor
26
Q

How is Streptococcus agalactiae diagnosed?

A
  • Perform a cAMP - Staph a. and strep a. together -→ haemolytic reaction leaving an area on the culture plate blank
27
Q

For tetanus in cattle:

  1. State the main cause of it
  2. Describe the pathophysiology
A
  1. Recent metritis/uterine infection
  2. Prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters e.g. GABA → spastic paralysis
28
Q

What are the three most common causes of colic in cattle?

A
  • Intussusception
  • Caecal dilation with or without torsion
  • Abomasal volvulus
29
Q

For Neospora canine:

  1. State when it occurs
  2. Who is the definitive host?
  3. How is a diagnosis made?
A
  1. Second trimester
  2. Dogs
  3. Histologic lesions in the brain
30
Q

Briefly explain the causes of secondary photosensitisation:

A

Liver fails to excrete Phylloerythrin → Phylloerythrin accumulation within the skin

31
Q

When is chorioallantoic slip first palpable in bovine pregnancy?

A

30-35 days

32
Q

When performing a necropsy on the abomasum of cattle you find thousands on larvae. What is the main differential?

A

Type II Ostertagiasis

33
Q

What animals are affected by foot and mouth disease?

A

Only cloven hoofed animals - pigs, sheep and cattle (NOT HORSES)

34
Q

For enzootic pneumoniae:

  1. State the main cause
  2. Describe the distribution
  3. What is the main differential?
A
  1. Poor housing and environment
  2. Cranioventral consolidation
  3. Pasturella multicoda
35
Q

For shipping fever:

  1. State the main cause
  2. What is the usual history
A
  1. Mannhiema haemolytica
  2. Associated with stresses e.g. shipping
36
Q

What is the main cause of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats?

A

C. pseudotuberculosis

37
Q

What are the clinical signs seen with Clostridium hemolyticum?

A
  • Liver lesions and results in acute haemolysis and death
38
Q

For acute toxicosis:

  1. Briefly describe the environmental conditions that lead to it
  2. What are the main organ systems affected?
  3. How is it treated?
  4. How can it be avoided?
A
  1. Snow knocks down oak branches → eaten by calves that cannot eat the grass
  2. Renal + GI signs
  3. IV fluids
  4. Animals don’t eat the oak if given hay immediately as the snow falls

NAVLE Cattle (20 decks)

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