Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Structure and Function > Epithelium vocab > Flashcards

Epithelium vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of epithelia

A
  1. protect underlying tissues
  2. provide selective barrier between a lumen and underlying tissue
  3. synthesize substances like hormones, saliva for secretion
  4. transport substances by endo- and exocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A
  1. composed of continuous sheets of cells
  2. have specialized cell junctions
  3. are polarized
  4. are avascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

squamous

A

long, flat, much wider than tall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cuboidal

A

roughly even width and height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

columnar

A

taller than wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

simple

A

one layer of cells only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stratified

A

have more than one layer of cells- one contacting basement membrane, one on free surface, maybe some layers in between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pseudostratified

A

appear stratified but are not; all cells contact basement membrane but not all reach apical surface; nuclei found at two levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

goblet cells

A

unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucus onto a free surface; found in simple or pseudostratified epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart and all blood and lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium that lines pleural and peritoneal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

metaplasia

A

chronic irritation in epithelia is prolonged so normal epithelia replaced by stratified squamous epithelia- very resistant to stress; reversible change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

functions of basement membrane

A
  1. separate and bind epithelium and connective tissues
  2. form a selective sieve-like barrier to regulate which molecules and cells cross interface between tissues
  3. establish polarity of epithelium
  4. guide repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lamina rara

A

clear layer that lies directly adjacent to basal surface of epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lamina densa

A

darkly stained layer that lies immediately beneath lamina rara; together they form the basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lamina reticularis

A

secreted by cells in the adjacent connective tissue; third component of basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alport syndrome

A

inherited disorder of Type IV collagen that affects kidney, eye, cochlea of ear; most common in males; gene mutation prevents proper production of type IV collagen network

18
Q

lateral interdigitations

A

sites where the membranes of adjacent cells do not form a straight line to from the base to the apex- fit together like puzzle pieces

19
Q

occluding junctions

A

seal cells together and form a barrier to regulate what crosses the epithelium; prevent passage of molecules via paracellular pathway

20
Q

anchoring/ adhering junctions

A

hold epithelia together by attaching cells and their cytoskeletons to each other or to the extracellular matrix; incl adhesion belts and spot desmosomes

21
Q

communicating/ gap junctions

A

allow cells to communicate with each other by chemical or electrical signals

22
Q

tight junctions

A

only in epithelia; closest to apex; form barrier between epithelium’s free surface and connective tissue ex to prevent microbes from entering bloodstream; maintain the apical and lateral cell membranes by preventing diffusion of integral membrane proteins from one surface to the other

23
Q

apical modifications

A

microvilli, sterocilia, cilia on an epithelial cell

24
Q

basal lamina

A

lamina rara+ lamina densa

25
Q

basement membrane

A

basal lamina+ lamina reticularis

26
Q

paracellular pathway

A

the space between two epithelial cells through which solutes can pass

27
Q

Steps in epithelial repair

A

a. Epithelial cells are depolarized
b. Cells become repolarized along lateral axis
c. Epithelial cells divide by mitosis
d. When cells from opposite sides of the wound meet, they make a new basement membrane, reestablish polarity, and restore the epithelium

28
Q

adhesion belts

A

just below tight junction; hold epithelial cells in a continuous sheet by forming a complete ring around the apex of the cell

29
Q

cadherins

A

transmembrane proteins in adhesion belts that connect to actin cytoskeleton; external portion of proteins have 5 domains interact in a calcium-dependent manner to bind with identidal proteins on adjacent cells cell. adhesion is disrupted if calcium concentration is low

30
Q

terminal web

A

network of cytoskeletal proteins that extends across apical cytoplasm and provides an attachment point for the basal bodies of cilia and for the actin filaments in microvilli and stereocilia

31
Q

spot desmosomes

A

type of anchoring junction; composed of dense protein plaques; keratin filaments extend away from plaques to link different spot desmosomes and to absorb and dissipate mechanical stress

32
Q

gap junctions

A

communicating junctions formed between cytoplasm of two cells by a connexon of six intermembrane protein connexins; allow small molecules to pass through; can open and close

33
Q

microvilli

A

extensions of cell membrane on apical surface; contain actin filaments

34
Q

stereocilia

A

long like cilia; contain actin filaments like microvilli; function to increase surface area

35
Q

cilia

A

extensions of apical membrane specialized for movement; contain microtubules

36
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

anchoring junctions that anchor basal surfaces of epithelial cells to basal lamina with plaque of integrin proteins

37
Q

basal infoldings

A

increase surface area on basal surface for ion transport; active transport so surrounded by many mitochondria

38
Q

merocrine

A

exocrine glands that release product by exocytosis; can be constitutive or regulated

39
Q

apocrine

A

exocrine glands that accumulate secretory products in apex then a portion of the apex pinches off and is released (ex mammary glands)

40
Q

holocrine

A

exocrine glands that secrete the entire cell along with its content (sebaceous glands only)

Cell Structure and Function (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions