Structures of a Synovial Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Defined by the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule

They are freely moveable (diarthrosis) and are the most common type of joint found in the body

Can be sub-classified depending on the shape of their articular surfaces (joint connection surface): hinge, saddle, plane, pivot, condyloid, ball & socket

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2
Q

Key Structures of a Synovial Joint

A

1) Articular Capsule
2) Articular Cartilage
3) Synovial Fluid

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3
Q

Key Structures of a Synovial Joint: Articular Capsule

A

Surrounds the joint and is continuous with the periosteum of
articulating bones

Consists of 2 layers:
- Fibrous (outer) layer, white fibrous tissue, known as the capsular
ligament, it holds together the articulating bones and supports the
underlying synovium

 - Synovial (inner) layer, a highly vascularised layer of serous 
   connective tissue. It absorbs and secretes synovial fluid and is 
   responsible for the mediation of nutrient exchange between blood 
   and joint aka the synovium
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4
Q

Key Structures of a Synovial Joint: Articular Cartilage

A

The articulating surfaces of a synovial joint are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage

It has 2 main roles:

  • minimising friction upon joint movement
  • absorbing shock

Is avascular so relies on passive diffusion of nutrients from the synovial fluid

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5
Q

Key Structures of a Synovial Joint: Synovial Fluid

A

Located within joint cavity

Three primary functions:

  • Lubrication
  • Nutrient distribution
  • Shock absorption
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