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Human Biology 12 > Excretion > Flashcards

Excretion Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

The blood vessel that enters an organ

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2
Q

Collecting duct

A

The tube in the kidney that collects filtrate from several nephrons

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3
Q

Creatinine

A

A waste product from the breakdown of muscles.

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4
Q

Deamination

A

The removal of the amino group from an amino acid molecule

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5
Q

Dialysis

A

A method of removing waste from the blood when kidney failure occurs

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6
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

The second set of convolutions of the kidney tubule;

It receives the forming urine after it has passed through the loop of Henle

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7
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

The blood vessel that leaves a glomerulus in the kidney

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8
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of the wastes of metabolism from the body.

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9
Q

Facultative reabsorption

A

The process whereby carrier proteins assist the movement of substances through the cell membrane

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10
Q

Filtrate

A

The fluid remaining after filtration has taken place

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11
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

The double-walled cup like structure at the end of each kidney tubule. It collects filtered water and other substances from the blood.
Bowman’s capsule.

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12
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

The filtration of blood in the kidney.

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13
Q

Glomerulus

A

The tightly coiled mass of capillaries that is surrounded by the expanded part of each kidney tubule.

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14
Q

Kidney stone

A

Solid mass of crystals that develop within the kidneys

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15
Q

Kidneys

A

The principal excretory organs of the human body;

they filter wastes from the blood and regulate the balance of water and salts in the blood plasma.

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16
Q

Liver

A

Organ that is part of the excretory system. Helps process toxins.

17
Q

Loop of Henie

A

The U shaped section of the kidney tubule; it plays a major role in the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate

18
Q

Nephron

A

The functional unit of the kidney.

19
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

The capillaries in the kidney that surround the convoluted tubules of the nephron, the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.

20
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

The first set of convolutions of the kidney tubule, located between the glomerular capsule and the loop of Henle

21
Q

Renal artery

A

The blood vessel that transports blood into the kidney.

22
Q

Renal capsule

A

A tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney.

23
Q

Renal column

A

An extension of the renal cortex that divides the renal medulla into renal p.yramids

24
Q

Renal cortex

A

The outer part of the kidney

25
Q

Renal hilum

A

A depression in the kidney where the blood vessels and the ureter enter.

26
Q

Renal medulla

A

The inner part of the kidney

27
Q

Renal pelvis

A

The cavity of the kidney that collects urine before it passes to the ureter.

28
Q

Renal pyramid

A

A section of the renal medulla

29
Q

Renal tubule

A

The kidney tubule

it leads away from the glomerular capsule and empties into a collecting duct.

30
Q

Renal Vein

A

The blood vessel transporting blood away from the kidney.

31
Q

Selective reabsorption

A

The reabsorption of some substances and not others in the renal tubules.

32
Q

Sweat glands

A

Tubular structures in the skin that produces sweat.

33
Q

Tubular secretion

A

The process whereby ions and drugs are secreted from the blood into the kidney tubule.

34
Q

Ureter

A

The tube that leaves each kidney and drains into the urinary bladder.

35
Q

Uric acid

A

A breakdown product of the metabolism of proteins

36
Q

Urinary system

A

The system composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra that is responsible for the excretion of wastes, the regulation of blood volume, pressure and pH as well as the concentration of chemicals.

37
Q

Urine

A

The fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials.

Human Biology 12 (12 decks)

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