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Rheumatoidal and orthopods > Orthopeadics teach amk day > Flashcards

Orthopeadics teach amk day Flashcards

1
Q

sunburst appearance on X-ray

A

osteosarcoma

tissue biopsy to confirm

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2
Q

what is osteosarcoma

most commonly found where

A

malignant bone tumour found at metaphysics of distal femur or proximal tibia

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3
Q

symptoms fo osteosarcoma

A

dull bone pain worse at night , localised mass , soft and tissue mass and swelling

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4
Q

pages disease of the bone is a metabolic bone disorder

symptoms - hearing and extra

A

constant achy bone pain
warmness
hearing loss
and heart failure

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5
Q

what do results from blood show pagets

A

raised ALP
normal calcium and phonate

differentials for hbperparathryism

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6
Q

management fo pagets

A

bisphosphonates e.g. IV parmidroante

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7
Q

osteomyelitis is the infection of the bone usually from

A

staph aureus

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8
Q

symptoms of OM

A

recent trauma or fractures due to infection getting in

bone pain at site
lump
fever and redness

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9
Q

investigation fro OM - infection of bone

managemtn

A

MRI

give antibiotics
children - cefaxolin and adults fluco

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10
Q

bony metastasis is when what

A

when cancers spread to the bone

most common causes are renal , trhyodi , lung , prostate, breast

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11
Q

syntposm of bony metastasis

A

bone pain worse at night
anaemia

raised calcium

normally just palliative care and chemo

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12
Q

chondrosarcoma is tumour and presents with painful and enlarging mass and if affects where

A

axial skeleton - ribs, shoulder and pelvis

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13
Q

what does an X-ray of a chondroarcoma show

A

lytic lesions with calcification , cortical remodelling

need to remove it

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14
Q

sliped upper femoral epiphysis SUFE this is where growth plate experiences some sort of fracture causing the femoral head to slip out of position

really common in boys 10-16 normally obese

symtpoms

A

limited abduction , internal rotation and flceion and present with externally rotated leg

pelvic xray - frog postion

managemnet is internal rotation - pops it back in

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15
Q

perthes affects boys 4-7 and is characterised by gradual hip pain and all hip movements are limited
managed b

A

NSAIDs and bed rest

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16
Q

transient synovitis of the hip 4-10 yr olds is acute onset hip pain and relived rest

upper resitpatiory tract infection relived with rest for the pain

investigations shwo

A

no findings or blood results on scan

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17
Q

for septic arthritis what diagnosis should do

A

aspirate and then blood cultures

kochers criteria

mangemtn with fluclox- staph and for strep use ceftriaxone

18
Q

reactive arthritis comes after STI or campylobacter most common joint

anterior uveitis - red eye

A

knee

methotraxate

19
Q

osgood-schlatters disease

overuse syndroom in paeds population and males. normally active patients. presents as

A

warmth and tender and swelling over the tibial tuberosity - just below the knee

conservative measures for management - rests ice, physiological and NSAIDs

20
Q

if you have ligament damage what does it present as

A

swelling and pain and inability to weight bare

21
Q

test for ACL

A

anterior draw test

post draw test

22
Q

varus stress test

A

lateral

valgus is for medial

23
Q

mamagemtn for ligament damage

A

PRICER - protect , rest, ice compression , elevation and rehab

24
Q

meniscal tear presents with

A

pop sound and pain on side of knee

inability to weight bear and pain worse on flexion

25
Q

main test for meniscal tear

A

McMurray test

MRI gold standard

26
Q

chondromalaci patellae

A

anterior knee pain in teenage girls
grinding of the knee when flexed
worse on walking down stairs

MRI and physic

27
Q

pre patellar bursitis very common n roofers and carpet layers - plumbers and gardeners - people who on their knees

symtpoms

A

massive swelling
warm
tender
clinical exma

28
Q

poster hip dislocation - dashboard car

symptoms

A

pain radiating to the knee
shortened and internally rotated one

closed reduction within 6 hours for manage

29
Q

femoral head injury present with groin pain and local swelling and bruising with sciatic nerve injury
how to mange

A

xray

repositioning ORIF 0 expose and manipulate structures to put back in place

30
Q

neck of femur fracture common in elderly with osteoporosis

symptoms

A

hip pain worse on palpating greater trochanter

shortened and external rated

31
Q

what criteria for neck of femur

A

garden criteria

32
Q

anterior hip dislocations

A

lengthened externally rotated
femoral nerve injury
pain radiating to the knee

closed reduction within 6 hours

33
Q

neck of femur fracture - intracapsular or extracapsualr

if you have dialled sub capital ( intra) you need a

A

Total hip replacement

or hemiarthroplasty - weak patents so old ( half replacement essentially)

34
Q

non dispalced sub capital fracture - intracapsular what do you do

A

cannulated hip screw

35
Q

extra - intertrochanteric

A

dynamic hip screw

36
Q

subtrochnateric

A

intermudullary nail

37
Q

adhesive capultiis more common in diabetics
glenohumeral joitn capsule adheres to humeral head

symtpsom

A

loss of active and passive movement
- freezing stage - pain worst , mvoemtn worse
frozen stage- pain better , movement worse
thawing stage - pain resolves and movement improves

38
Q

rotator cuff tears present as

A

loss of active movement with pain on rest and movement

passive movement intact - they can’t move it themselves but we can

weakness on abduction

39
Q

assessment for rotator cuff tear

A

xray to exclude fractures
US - to look for tear
MRI - looks at tears more clearly

management - depends on symptoms under 2 weeks conservative but if over 2 weeks will be surgery

40
Q

anterior glenohumeral dislocation in Rugby and poster in seizures and electrocution

symtpoms

A 
painful shoudle r
reduced mobility 
asymmetry 
loss of shoulder contours 
antihero bulge

reduction immobilisation and rehab for manegmetn

41
Q

assessment for dislocations

A

x ray

MRI if labral injury suspected

X- ray for poster is like a light bulb sign and again MRI is labral injury suspected

goes around the joint thats why if you’ve had one before likely to get one again

Rheumatoidal and orthopods (3 decks)

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