unit 2a:natures chemistry

Question 1

carbon compounds which contain the hydroxyl functional group -OH

Answer 1

alcohol

Question 2

the process which produces soaps from edible fats and oils. hydrolysis produces three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule . the fatty acid molecule are neutralised by the alkali , forming water-soluble ionic salts called soaps

Answer 2

alkaline hydrolysis

Question 3

compounds which link by condensation reaction to form proteins

Answer 3

amino acid

Question 4

carbon compounds which contain the carboxyl functional groups -COOH

Answer 4

carboxylic acid

Question 5

reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule at the same time eliminating a small milieu layer such as water

Answer 5

condensation

Question 6

physical alteration of the molecular shape of a protein (or other molecule) as a result of temperature or PH changes

Answer 6

denaturing

Question 7

substances with non-polar hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head which remove oil and grease in the same way as soaps but do not form soap scum with hard water

Answer 7

detergent

Question 8

a mixture of liquids where small droplets of one liquid are dispersed in another liquid , commonly found in food

Answer 8

emulsion

Question 9

a substance which prevents non-polar and polar liquids separating into layers

Answer 9

emulsifier

Question 10

protein molecules which act as a catalysts in biological processes

Answer 10

enzymes

Question 11

amino acids that cannot be made by the body , they must be obtained through diet

Answer 11

essential amino acids

Question 12

carbon compounds formed when alcohols react with carboxylic acids by condensation

Answer 12

esters

Question 13

esters formed from one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of (usually saturated) long-chain carboxylic acids. the compounds have melting points high enough to be solid at room temperature

Answer 13

fats

Question 14

the addition of hydrogen to carbon to carbon multiple bond

Answer 14

hydrogenation

Question 15

the breakdown of a molecule by reaction with water

Answer 15

hydrolysis

Question 16

compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Answer 16

isomers

Question 17

esters formed from one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of (usually unsaturated) carboxylic acids , melting points low enough to be liquid at normal room temperature

Answer 17

oils

Question 18

an amide link which is found in a living organism (in proteins)

Answer 18

peptide links

Question 19

biological polymers of small molecules called amino acids

Answer 19

proteins

Question 20

a hydrocarbon in which all carbon to carbon covalent bonds are single bonds

Answer 20

saturated

Question 21

salts of fatty acids that have and ionic head that is water soluble and a covalent tail that is soluble in oil. the process in which this is created is called alkaline hydrolysis

Answer 21

soap

Question 22

molecule formed through the condensation of one glycerol molecule with three fatty acid molecules

Answer 22

triglycerides

Question 23

molecules with at least one carbon to carbon double bond

Answer 23

unsaturated

Question 24

a substance which evaporates very easily to form gas

Answer 24

volatile

Question 25

a measure of how easily a molecule will evaporate

Answer 25

volatility