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Cardio > Upper Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Flu

1) Onset
2) S&S

A

1) Abrupt
2) -Fever
- Headache
- Myalgia
- Fatigue
- Exhaustion
- Chest Discomfort

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2
Q

Flu

1) Transmission
2) Most common type
3) Prevention

A

1) Transmitted through infected droplets, inhalation of aerosolized particles and direct contact
2) Type A- most virulent
3) Vaccine and hand hygiene

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3
Q

Flu

1) Dx
2) Who should get the vaccine?
3) Who should not get the vaccine?

A

1) Rapid flu diagnostic tests. Best when used within 48 hours
2) Anyone over 6 months
3) Patients with an egg allergy

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4
Q

Cold

1) Onset
2) S&S

A

1) Gradual
2) -Stuffy nose
- Sneezing
- Sore Throat

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5
Q

Sinusitis

1) Definition
2) Acute vs. Chronic
3) Causative organisms

A

1) Inflammation of mucous membranes of sinus cavity
2) Acute: 1-4wks; Chronic: longer than 12 was
3) -Strep Pneumoniae
- Haemophilus Influenza
- Bacteriode Species

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6
Q

S&S of Sinusitis

A
  • Nasal swelling
  • Facial Pressure
  • Purulent/Bloody discharge
  • Congestion
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Halitosis
  • Pain
  • Enlarged Turbinates
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7
Q

1) Dx of Sinusitis

2) What does it reveal?

A

1) Sinus x-rays

2) Sinuses have a cloudy appearance and thickening of sinus walls

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8
Q

Nursing Dx for Sinusitis

A
  • Fluid Volume Deficit
  • Altered Oral Mucus Membranes
  • Pain
  • Impaired Gas Exchange
  • Hyperthermia
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9
Q

Nursing Interventions for Sinusitis

A
  • Increase fluids 3-4L a day
  • Rest
  • Avoid others
  • Hand hygiene
  • Antral irrigation
  • Antipyretics- Aspirin and Tylenol
  • Decongestants
  • Cough suppressants
  • Antihistamines
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10
Q

Sinusitis

1) S/E of Decongestants
2) How long should decongestants be taken?
3) What to give if no improvement?

A

1) High BP
2) No longer than 4-5 days
3) Antibiotics- Amoxicillin

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11
Q

Nasal Polyps

1) What do they look like?
2) Tx
3) Sx therapy

A

1) Grapelike clusters in the nasal mucosa
2) Topical and systemic corticosteroids
3) Polypectomy- Removal

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12
Q

Epistaxis

1) Definition
2) How should patient sit?
3) N/I

A

1) Nosebleed
2) Leaning forward with head tilted forward
3) Apply direct pressure by squeezing nostrils for 5mins

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13
Q

Epistaxis

1) What to do if bleeding doesn’t stop for 15mins?
2) What should the patient avoid?
3) Tx for posterior bleeds?

A

1) Call HCP
2) Aspirin and NSAIDs; Strenuous activity and lifting for 4-6wks
3) Packing

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14
Q

Otitis Media

1) Definition
2) Patient History
3) Lab Findings

A

1) Fluid in the middle ear
2) History of URIs and allergies
3) Elevated WBC and ear culture

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15
Q

S&S of Otitis Media

A
  • Pain
  • Loss of hearing
  • Headache
  • Crackling sounds in the ears
  • Malaise
  • Fever
  • N/V
  • Vertigo
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16
Q

Nursing Interventions for Otitis Media

A
  • Bedrest
  • Analgesics
  • Heat
  • Antibiotics
  • Antihistamines
  • Myringotomy: tube insertion to facilitate drainage
  • Fluids
17
Q

Bacterial Causes of Pharyngitis

A
  • Strep
  • Staph
  • H. Influenza
  • Cornybacterium Diptheriae
18
Q

Viral Causes of Pharyngitis

A
  • Adenovirus
  • Epstein Barr
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Herpes
19
Q

Pharyngitis

1) General S&S
2) Viral S&S
3) Bacterial S&S

A

1) Pain; Soreness; Dryness in the mouth; Dysphasia; Fever
2) Gradual onset; Rhinorrhea; Headache
3) Abrupt onset; Myalgia; Malaise; High Fever; Cervical lymph node involvement; Tonsillar/ Pharyngeal exudate; Absence of cough

20
Q

Pharyngitis

1) What does the throat look like?
2) Patient History

A

1) Red; Enlarged tonsils; Exudate; Nasal discharge

2) Recent contact with disease; Rheumatic Fever; Strep infection; Recent tetanus vaccine

21
Q

Complications of Pharyngitis

1) S&S of rheumatic Fever
2) S&S of Glomerulonephritis

A

1) 3-5 weeks later; Fever; Painful joints; Murmur

2) 7-10 days later; Hematuria; Proteinuria; HTN

22
Q

1) Dx for Pharyngitis

2) WBC count for viral vs. bacterial infections

A

1) Throat culture and CBC
2) Viral: low/normal WBC
Bacterial: Elevated WBC

23
Q

Care of Pharyngitis

A
  • Fluids
  • Analgesics
  • Warm saline gargles
  • Lozenges
  • Antibiotics for bacterial infection
24
Q

Laryngitis

1) Causes
2) Dx

A

1) Glue; Paint thinner; tobacco; alcohol; voice overuse

2) Laryngeal exam; Neck X-rays; CT scan; Laryngoscopic exam

25
Q

S&S of Pharyngitis

A
  • Hoarseness/Loss of voice
  • Dry cough
  • Dysphagia
  • Aphonia
  • Tingling/Burning sensation in throat
  • Persistent need to clear throat
26
Q

Drugs for Rhinitis and Sinusitis; examples and side effects

A
  • Ipratropium nasal spray causes nasal dryness and nosebleeds
  • Antihistamines- 1st gen can cause drowsiness
  • Decongestants- Sudafed causes CNS stimulation, palpitations and tachycardia
  • Leukotrines- singular causes headaches and dizziness
27
Q

Allergic Rhinitis management and drug therapy

A
  • Identifying and avoiding triggers is key
  • Corticosteroid sprays is 1st line Tx
  • Antihistamines
  • Decongestants
  • LTRAs
28
Q

Nasal Sx management

A
  • Aspiring and NSAIDS should be stopped for 5 days to 2 weeks before
  • Ensure patency of airway
  • Asses respiratory status
  • Monitor for airway obstruction
  • Pain management
  • Asses Sx site

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