B/12

Question 1

Types of epigenetic alterations that can have a role in cancer development (2)

Answer 1

• DNA methylation

- Micro-RNA expression

Question 2

Which enzyme methylates DNA?

Answer 2

DNA methyltransferase

Question 3

What happens with hypermethylation of a promoter?

Answer 3

No more transcription of a certain exon

Question 4

3 examples of genes that are frequently hypermethylated in cancers

Answer 4

• APC
• VHL
• CDKN2B

Question 5

What cancer does hypermethylation of APC cause?

Answer 5

colorectal carcinoma

Question 6

What cancer does hypermethylation of VHL cause?

Answer 6

renal cell carcinoma

Question 7

What cancer does hypermethylation of CDKN2B cause?

Answer 7

leukemia

Question 8

What is the role of micro RNA?

Answer 8

they are negative regulatory fragments of coding sequence

Question 9

How long are miRNA?

Answer 9

22 nucleotide long

Question 10

What cuts pre-miRNA in the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

Dicer

Question 11

What happens to the cut pre-miRNA?

Answer 11

it is incorporated into the RISC complex

Question 12

What does the RISC complex do? (2)

Answer 12

• repress mRNA translation

- cleaves mRNA

Question 13

Example of oncogene miRNA and its neoplasm

Answer 13

miR-21 : glioblastoma

Question 14

Example of tumor suppressor miRNA and its neoplasm

Answer 14

miR-15a : CLL