Hematology Labs and Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

The provider will order a _____, when they are interested in WBCs, RBCs & platelets - and the percentages of each WBC.

A

CBC with Diff (differential)

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2
Q

What information is included in a CBC?

A

RBC count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, WBC count, and platelet count

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3
Q

Name the white blood cell types and the corresponding percentage of each in a normal WBC count

A

Neutrophil (40-70%), lymphocyte (20-25%), monocyte (3-8%), eosinophil (2-4%), and basophil (<1%)

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4
Q

An acute bacterial infection will show on a CBC with Diff with an increased percentage of ______ and a _____.

A

Neutrophils, shift to the left

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5
Q

What is a shift to the left?

A

An abnormal increase in the number of bands compared to segs as seen on a CBC with differential of a patient with an acute bacterial infection.

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6
Q

What is a seg?

A

A mature neutrophil (& is short for “segmented”)

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7
Q

What is a band?

A

An immature neutrophil

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8
Q

What is morphology?

A

the study of the color, size, and shape of a cell

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9
Q

What is the mean corpuscle volume (MCV)?

A

the size of the cell

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10
Q

Normocytic describes a . . .

A

normal sized cell

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11
Q

Microcytic describes a . . .

A

small cell

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12
Q

Macrocytic describes a . . .

A

large cell

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13
Q

Microcytic red blood cells occur with _______

A

iron deficiency anemia

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14
Q

Macrocytic red blood cells occur with _______

A

megaloblastic anemias such as those seen with B12 and folate deficiencies

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15
Q

What is the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)?

A

a measure of the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell (hemoglobin concentration)

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16
Q

What do you call red blood cells with a low hemoglobin concentration?

A

Hypochromic

17
Q

What do you call red blood cells with a normal hemoglobin concentration?

A

Normochromic

18
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Iron containing pigment of the red blood cell

19
Q

Normal hemoglobin values for males and females?

A

Male: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL

20
Q

The percentage of total blood volume made up by red blood cells is called ______

A

hematocrit

21
Q

What are the normal hematocrit levels for males and females?

A

Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%

22
Q

A low hematocrit is called

A

anemia

23
Q

A high hematocrit is called

A

polycythemia

24
Q

Which protein transports iron?

A

Serum transferrin

25
Q

Which protein stores iron?

A

Serum ferritin

26
Q

Which test is the most sensitive test used to determine iron deficiency anemia?

A

Serum ferritin

27
Q

Which two levels provide information about serum iron?

A

Serum transferrin and serum ferritin

28
Q

A positive antibody test to intrinsic factor (IF) confirms the presence of ______.

A

pernicious anemia

29
Q

Melena describes . . .

A

stool that is dark, tarry, and malodorous from the presence of digested blood.

30
Q

What is a Coombs test?

A

A serum blood test used to differentiate among types of hemolytic anemia

31
Q

Which type of Coombs test indicates whether the body is attacking its own RBCs?

A

Direct Coombs

32
Q

Which type of Coombs test is used to screen for
antibodies prior to a blood transfusion?

A

Indirect Coombs

33
Q

What type of anemia may require a bone marrow biopsy?

A

Aplastic anemia

34
Q

Which site is ideal for finding the red bone marrow needed for a bone marrow biopsy?

A

the iliac crest