Peripheral Nervous System Receptors & NTs

Question 1

3 Major Cholinergic receptors:

Answer 1

1) NicotinicN
2) NicotinicM
3) Muscarinic

Question 2

4* Major Adrenergic receptors:

Answer 2

1) Alpha1
2) Alpha2
3) Beta1
4) Beta2
* 5) Dopamine

Question 3

Cholinergic receptors respond to ____ (NT/s).

Answer 3

receptors that mediate responses to acetylcholine (ACh).

Question 4

Adrenergic receptors respond to ____ (NT/s).

Answer 4

receptors that mediate responses to acetylcholine, E, and NE (and dopamine).

Question 5

3 Main functions of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 5

↑ HR, ↑ BP, ↓ peristalsis

Question 6

3 Main functions of Parasympathetic Nervous System (PsNS)

Answer 6

↓ HR, ↓ BP, ↑ peristalsis

Question 7

SNS function on eyes:

Answer 7

Dilates pupils

Question 8

PsNS function on eyes:

Answer 8

Constricts pupils

Question 9

SNS function on lungs:

Answer 9

Facilitates breathing

↑ rate and depth of breathing, Dilates bronchioles

Question 10

PsNS function on lungs:

Answer 10

Constricts breathing (constricts bronchioles)

Question 11

SNS function on bladder:

Answer 11

Relaxes bladder (detrusor muscle); inhibits urination

Question 12

PsNS function on bladder:

Answer 12

Contracts bladder (detrusor muscle); promotes urination

Question 13

PsNS Receptors (2) & Neurotransmitters (NTs):

Answer 13

Receptors:

1) Muscarinic
2) Nicotinic* (*ignore)

NTs:
ACh (pre- and postganglionic)

Question 14

SNS Receptors (4*) & Neurotransmitters (NTs):

Answer 14

Receptors:

1) Alpha1
2) Alpha2
3) Beta1
4) Beta2
* 5) Muscarinic on sweat glands ONLY

NTs:

1) ACh (preganglionic; postganglionic –> muscarinic receptors on sweat gland)
2) NE (postganglionic) –> Alpha or Beta receptors (effector organs)
- *primary NT
3) E (postganglionic) –> Alpha or Beta receptors (effector organs)
- released from adrenal medulla

Question 15

Drug categories that work on the SNS:

Answer 15

Adrenergic/Antiadrenergic Drugs:

1) Sympathomimetic AKA Adrenergic Agonists
2) Antiadrenergic AKA Adrenergic Antagonists

Question 16

Drug categories that work on the PsNS:

Answer 16

Cholinergic/Anticholinergic Drugs:
1) Parasympathomimetic AKA Muscarinic Agonists
2) Anticholinergic AKA Muscarinic Antagonists
(AKA Parasympatholytic–“lytic” = lysis/destruction)

Question 17

How do drugs Affect the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 17

1) Synthesis
2) Storage
3) Release
4) Binding
5) Prevent the normal destruction and reuptake of NTs

⧫For Functions 1-4:
1. ↑ Function 1-4 → ↑ ANS Effect
(**NOT the speed at which it occurs)
2. ↓ Function 1-4 → ↓ ANS Effect

⧫For Function #5:
Prevent NT reuptake → ↑ NT at synaptic cleft → ↑ ANS Effect

Question 18

Alpha1 receptor locations:

Answer 18

1) Eyes
2) Blood vessels
3) Bladder
4) Male sex organs
5) prostatic capsule

(NT: NE)

Question 19

Alpha2 receptor locations:

Answer 19

Nerve terminals (NOT organs)

Question 20

Beta1 receptor locations

Answer 20

1) Heart

2) Kidneys

Question 21

Beta2 receptor locations:

Answer 21

1) Lungs**
2) Blood vessels
3) Uterus
4) Skeletal muscle and liver

Question 22

Muscarinic receptor locations:

Answer 22

1) Eyes
2) Heart
3) Lungs
4) Blood vessels
5) GI Tract
6) Bladder
7) Sweat glands
8) Sex organs

Question 23

NicotinicN receptor locations:

Answer 23

1) All ANS ganglia

2) Adrenal medulla*** (only mentioned this)

Question 24

Alpha1 Agonist Actions:

Answer 24

1) Contraction of Eye muscles (mydriasis)
2) Vasoconstriction of arterioles & veins
- skin, mucous membranes, & viscera
3) Contraction of Smooth muscle
- bladder sphincters
4) Ejaculation

Question 25

Alpha2 Agonist Actions:

Answer 25

Regulates NT release
(Inhibits NT release at presynaptic nerve terminals)

• *INSIGNIFICANT ADRs from activation of peripheral receptors
• *SIGNIFICANT ADRs from activation of CNS receptors (reduced SNS outflow to the heart & bld vessels)

Question 26

Beta1 Agonist Actions:

Answer 26

1) Heart: ↑HR, ↑ contractility, ↑ electrical conduction
2) Kidneys: release of renin –> Vasoconstriction

(NT: NE)

Question 27

Beta2 Agonist Actions:

Answer 27

1) Bronchodilation of Lungs**
2) Vasodilation of blood vessels (arterioles)
- Heart, lungs, skeletal muscles
3) Uterine Relaxation
4) ↑ Glycogenolysis in Liver & Skeletal muscle

Question 28

Muscarinic Agonist Actions:

Answer 28

1) ↓ HR
2) ↑Glandular secretions
- pulmonary, GI/Intestinal, sweat
3) Smooth muscle contraction
- Bronchi, GI tract, detrusor muscle of bladder, & eyes
4) Relaxation of urinary bladder sphincters

Question 29

NicotinicN Agonist Actions:

Answer 29

1) Release of E from the Adrenal medulla***

2) Stimulation of the PsNS and SNS postganglionic nerves

Question 30

Dopamine Agonist Actions:

Answer 30

1) Dilates renal blood flow and increases renal perfusion

Question 31

How are Adrenergic Agents further differentiated?

Answer 31

Catecholamine vs. Noncatecholamine

Question 32

Catecholamine Examples:

Answer 32

1) Epinephrine
2) Norepinephrine
3) Dopamine
4) Dobutamine
5) isoproterenol

Question 33

Noncatecholamine Examples:

Answer 33

1) Ephedrine
2) Phenylephedrine
3) Terbutaline

Question 34

Catecholamine Differences from Noncatecholamines:

Answer 34

1) Can’t be used PO due to rapid degradation
2) Brief duration of action
3) Can’t cross BBB

Question 35

Noncatecholamine Differences from Catecholamines:

Answer 35

1) Can be given PO
2) Longer duration of action (longer half-life, metabolized slower)
3) CAN cross BBB

Question 36

Alpha1 Blockers/Antagonists

Answer 36

Relax vascular smooth muscle

Decreases BP

Question 37

Beta1 Blockers/Antagonists

Answer 37

Decrease HR and Contraction

Question 38

Beta2 Agonists

Answer 38

Bronchodilation

Question 39

Cholinergic Blockers/Antagonists

Answer 39

Increases HR
Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention

Question 40

Muscarinic Agonists

Answer 40

Promotes digestion thru salivation and GI smooth muscle contraction