Cranial Nerves Flashcards
List the cranial nerves.
CN1 - Olfactory CNII- Optic CNIII - Oculomotor CNIV - Trochlear CNV - Trigeminal CNVI - Abducent CNVII - Facial CNVIII - Vestibulocochlear CNIX - Glossopharyngeal CNX - Vagus CNXI - (Spinal) accessory CNXII - Hypoglossal
Where does each nerve emerge from?
*Base of brain CNI - cerebrum CNII - cerebrum (optic chiasm below pituitary gland) CNIII - ant aspect of midbrain CNIV - posterior aspect of midbrain CNV - lateral aspect of pons CNVI - ponto-medullary junction CNVII - ponto-medullary junction CNVIII - ponto-medullary junction CNIX - medulla oblongata CNX - medulla oblongata CNXI - upper region of spinal cord CNXII - medulla oblongata
Where do these cranial nerves pass through?
Olfactory - cribriform plate Optic - optic canal Oculomotor - superior orbital fissure Trochlear - superior orbital fissure Trigeminal - opthalamic (sup orbital fissure), maxillary (foramen rotundum), mandibular (foramen ovale) Abducent - superior orbital fissure Facial - internal acoustic meatus Vestibulocochlear - internal acoustic meatus Glossopharyngeal - jugular foramen Vagus - jugular foramen Accessory - jugular foramen Hypoglossal - hypoglossal canal
Where are the cranial nerve nuclei located?
CNI nuclei - olfactory epithelium in nasal cavity
CNII - retina
CNIII-CNXII - brainstem
What is the function of each of the cranial nerves?
Olfactory - smell
Optic - vision
Oculomotor - motor: extrinsic eye muscles + levator palpebrae superioris; pupillary sphincter
Trochlear -motor: superior oblique
Trigeminal
Opthalmic - sensory: scalp, forehead + nose
Maxillary - sensory: cheeks, lower eyelid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth + palate
Mandibular - sensory: ant 2/3 of tongue, skin over mandible + lower teeth; motor: muscles of mastication
Abducent - motor: lateral rectus
Facial - sensory: part of external ear; taste from ant 2/3 tongue, hard palate, soft palate; motor: muscles of facial expression; lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands + mucous glands of mouth and nose
Vestibulocochlear - sensory: hearing + balance
Glossopharyngeal - sensory: post 1/3 tongue, external ear, middle ear cavity; carotid body + sinus; taste from post 1/3 of tongue; motor: parotid gland; stylopharyngeus
Vagus - sensory: external ear, larynx + pharynx; thoracic + abdominal viscera; taste from epiglottis region of tongue; motor: smooth muscles of pharynx, larynx + most of GIT
Spinal accessory - motor: trapezius + sternocleidomastoid; a few fibres run with CNX to viscera
Hypoglossal - motor: intrinsic + extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)
