Language and Gender

Question 1

Gendered language

Answer 1

A bias towards a particular gender

Question 2

Generic term

Answer 2

A term that has ‘man’ in it. e.g.

• Man-made
• Two man tent

Question 3

Marked term

Answer 3

A term that is marked towards a specific gender

• Female doctor
• Female Chef
• Male nurse

Question 4

Androcentric

Answer 4

That language is bias towards men

Question 5

Fillers

Answer 5

Words to fill in sentence

• Erm
• Er

Question 6

Tag question

Answer 6

A interrogative is added to the end of a declarative or imperative.

• Youre john, Arent you?
• You will do this work, wont you.

Question 7

Intensifiers

Answer 7

Exaggerating things.

- that was sooooooo amazing

Question 8

Lexical symmetry

Answer 8

Words that have kept there meaning over time.

- ‘King and queen’

Question 9

Lexical asymmetry

Answer 9

Two words where one has heled their meaning and one has semantically pejorated. Normally benefiting males.
- Master vs Mistress

Question 10

genderlect

Answer 10

male and woman arent right or wrong, we are just different.

Question 11

What were Deborah Cameron findings

Answer 11

• woman talk more than men
• Woman say 20k words a day
• ## Men say 7k

Question 12

What were Janet Holmes findings.

Answer 12

Based of brown and levinson’s idea of positive and negative face or politeness theory.

• Suggests woman’s use more positive politeness
• Men use more negative politeness.
• Male to male and female to female compliments in language are different due to perception concerning purpose of a compliment

Question 13

What were Pamela Fishman findings.

Dominance

Answer 13

• experiment conducting 52 hours of recorded convos in young American couples.
• Woman use more tag questions
• use tag questions to gain conversational power as men often dont respond to declarative statements or will respond minimally.

Question 14

What were Tannen’s findings

Difference

Answer 14

• suggests females engage in ‘rapport talk’ ( to make emotional connections and build relationships).
• Men use ‘report talk’ ( focused on on info with little emotion.

Question 15

What were Lakoff’s findings.

Defecit

Answer 15

• Claims that woman’s language lacked real authority compared to men’s.
• Found that woman apparently lack a sense of humour, swear less and use more emotive language. Also more fillers and tag questions.

Question 16

What were Zimmerman and west finding’s.

Dominance

Answer 16

• Coffee shop study
• Men more dominant in conversations than woman
• Claimed men are more dominant in mixed sex conversations.
• Found that woman adhered to turn taking rules whereas men didn’t.

Question 17

What were Penny eckert’s findings

Answer 17

• Defined groups into different communities of practice.
• This is when people who share an understanding that forms language use as a result of meeting people regularly overtime.

Question 18

What were Beattie’s findings

Answer 18

• Found that woman and men interrupted more or less the same. So men dont interrupt more.

Question 19

What were Judith Butler’s findings

Answer 19

• found that people change their language depending on where they are and who they are with.

Question 20

What were Otto Jesperson findings.

Defecit

Answer 20

• Found that woman talk more
• Woman link sentences with ‘and’ because they are emotional rather than grammatical.
• Woman use adjectives such as ‘pretty’ and ‘nice’.

Question 21

What were Jennifer Coates findings.

Difference

Answer 21

• Men often reject topic of conversation introduced by woman while woman accept topics introduced by men.
• Men discuss male topics e.g. sports, business and politics.
• woman are more likely to initiate conversation than men, but less likely to make the conversation succeed.

Question 22

Patriarchal society

Answer 22

Male dominated society.

Question 23

Overlaps and interruptions

Answer 23

Overlapping people when they speak.

Interruptions is butting in when the other person is speaking. Can link to dominance.

Question 24

Dale spender

Dominance

Answer 24

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