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Science Y9 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

what is an autotroph

A

organisms which generate their own food through photosynthesis

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2
Q

what are most plants, and some bacteria and protists

A

photosynthetic autotrophs

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3
Q

what parts of a plant can photosynthesise

A

all parts of the plant which are green.

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4
Q

why can green parts of a plant photosynthesise

A

Because, these parts contain chloroplasts (chloroplasts contain green pigments called chlorophyll which absorb light energy from the sun).

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5
Q

Which part of the plant has the most chloroplasts?

A

leaves

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6
Q

where is a plant does most photosynthesis occur

A

leaves

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7
Q

what four things do plants need for photosynthesis.

A

light, Chlorophyll, Carbon dioxide, Water

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8
Q

what does sunlight provide for photosynthesis

A

light energy which is converted to chemical energy

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9
Q

what is chlorophyll

A

the green pigment found inside chloroplasts

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10
Q

how does a plant get carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

A

diffuses into the leaves from the air

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11
Q

how does a plant get water for photosynthesis

A

absorbed by the roots from the soil

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12
Q

list the process of photosynthesis

A
  1. The plant absorbs water from the ground through its roots. 2. It also absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through its leaves. 3. The water and carbon dioxide react when there is sunlight present
    (energy) to produce glucose for the plant and oxygen. 4. The plant can then use this glucose as food to help it survive.
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13
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water –light energy & chlorophyll–> oxygen + glucose

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14
Q

what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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15
Q

what are limiting factors

A

Factors which can speed up or slow down the rate of photosynthesis

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16
Q

what are 3 limiting factors for photosynthesis

A

light, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature

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17
Q

what can happen by increasing one limiting factor

A

can increase the rate (so that it is no longer the limiting factor). but increasing it too much can cause photosynthesis to stop due to damage to the plant, this is also true of decreasing these factors

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18
Q

What makes green plants unique?

A

they can photosynthesise

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19
Q

What chemicals are used up in photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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20
Q

What chemicals are produced in photosynthesis?

A

glucose and oxygen

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21
Q

What makes green plants green?

A

chlorophyll

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22
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place in a cell?

A

chloroplasts

23
Q

what are the adaptations of a leaf

A

large surface area, thin, chlorophyll, veins, stomata

24
Q

what is the function of a large surface area for a leaf

A

allows them to absorb more light

25
Q

what is the function of a thin shape for a leaf

A

short distance for carbon dioxide to diffuse in, and oxygen to diffuse out easily

26
Q

what is the function of chlorophyll for a leaf

A

makes them green; transfers light energy to chemical energy

27
Q

what is the function of veins for a leaf

A

support structure of leaf; transports substances to and from cells in leaf

28
Q

what is the function of stomata for a leaf

A

small holes in underside of leaf; allow gases to diffuse in and out

29
Q

draw and label a cross section diagram of a leaf

A

does it look like this? - https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YCYv1_g4Vz8/maxresdefault.jpg

30
Q

what is the palisade mesophyll layer of a leaf made up of

A

palisade cells

31
Q

draw a palisade cell

A

does it look like this? -https://www.keystagewiki.com/images/thumb/4/4e/PlantCellDiagram.png/600px-PlantCellDiagram.png

32
Q

what is the function of a palisade cell

A

is photosynthesis – to make food for the plant.

33
Q

how are palisade cells specialised for their function

A

They’re found near the top of a leaf so that they can absorb most light for photosynthesis. They have many chloroplasts to absorb as much light as possible. They are long which means many chloroplasts can fit in.

34
Q

what is the function of the cuticle

A

The cuticle is a waxy, waterproof layer; cuts down the water lost by evaporation; protects against parasitic fungi.

35
Q

what is the upper epidermis and what is its function

A

A single layer of cells that are transparent and contain no chloroplast; allows light to pass straight through.

36
Q

what is the palisade layer and what is its function

A

made up of palisade cells which contain chloroplasts; where most of the photosynthesis takes place.

37
Q

what are veins and what is their function

A

contains tubes - the xylem and phloem. xylem brings water and salts to the leaf for photosynthesis; phloem transports the dissolved foods away.

38
Q

what is the spongy mesophyll layer and what is its function

A

consists of irregularly shaped cells with large air spaces between them allowing diffusion between stomata and photosynthesising cells.

39
Q

what is the lower epidermis and what is its function

A

contains lots of tiny holes or pores called stomata at regular intervals. These allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf.

40
Q

what are guard cells and what are their function

A

Sit either side of the stoma, changing their shape to open or close the stoma.

41
Q

what do plants use glucose for

A

to grow and repair/for energy/respiration

42
Q

why do plants store some glucose

A

Plants break down starch at night (for energy) when there is no light to photosynthesise.

43
Q

what is glucose stored as

A

starch

44
Q

where is glucose stored

A

in the leaves and in the roots.

45
Q

what is iodine used to test for

A

the presence of starch.

46
Q

what colour is iodine

A

Iodine is orange, but in the presence of starch it will turn blue-black.

47
Q

list the order of steps when using iodine to test for starch in leaves

A
  1. remove leaf. 2. boil in water. 3. place in test tube, in ethanol, inside boiling water. 4. wash with cold water. 5. allow to dry. 6. apply iodine
48
Q

why did the leaf need to be boiled, in the iodine test

A

to soften it and to remove the waxy layer that prevents iodine from being absorbed.

49
Q

why did the leaf need to be decolourised, in the ethanol, in the iodine test

A

because the green colour (chlorophyll) will mask the colour change of the iodine.

50
Q

what substance was used to decolourise the leaf, in the iodine test

A

ethanol

51
Q

what is a safety hazard when using ethanol, and how can you avoid this

A

very flammable - make sure bunsen burner is off & wipe up any spills

52
Q

what does the presence of starch in leaves signify

A

reliable evidence of photosynthesis because starch formation requires photosynthesis.

53
Q

what are fossil fuels the product of

A

photosynthesis

Science Y9 (7 decks)

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