Neuro 1 LURN: Neural A&P and System Review

Question 1

What are the key functions of nervous system?

Answer 1

Controls mobility, sensation, cognition, and many involuntary processes

Question 2

What are the 2 components to the nervous system?

Answer 2

• Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 3

• Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem)
• Spinal cord

Question 4

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 4

• 12 cranial nerves
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves
• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 5

What is the ANS?

Answer 5

Part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes

Question 6

What is the purpose of the ANS?

Answer 6

To maintain homeostasis through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Question 7

What are the two sub-systems of the ANS?

Answer 7

• Sympathetic nervous system
• Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 8

When triggered, what is the sympathetic system response?

Answer 8

• Stimulates
  
  • “fight or flight” response
  • Bronchodilation
  • Pupil dilation
  • Vasoconstriction
• Increases:
  
  • Cardiac OP
  • BP (vasoconstriction)
• Reduces:
  
  • Secretions/peristalsis

Question 9

Where does the sympathetic nervous system originate?

Answer 9

T1-L2 in the spinal cord

Question 10

When triggered, what is the parasympathetic system response?

Answer 10

• Stimulates
  
  • “rest and digest” response
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Pupil constriction
  • Vasodilation
  • Secretions/peristalsis
• Reduces:
  
  • Cardiac OP
  • BP (vasodilation)

Question 11

What are neurons?

Answer 11

Basic cell units of the nervous system that transmit impulses or “messages”

Question 12

What are the two types of neurons?

Answer 12

• Sensory (afferent)
• Motor (efferent)

Question 13

What are sensory neurons responsible for?

Answer 13

control sensation and send messages from the PNS to the CNS

Question 14

What are motor neurons responsible for?

Answer 14

Control mobility and send messages from the CNS to the PNS

Question 15

Each neuron produces a neurotransmitter (chemical) that _____ /_____ the impulse.

Answer 15

• Enhances
• Inhibits

Question 16

What are the key functions of the cerebrum?

Answer 16

Controls motor, cognitive, sensory function

Question 17

What are the components of the cerebrum?

Answer 17

• Left and right hemispheres
• 4 lobes
• Cerebral cortex
• Subcortical structures

Question 18

What are the 4 lobes of the brain and describe each.

Answer 18

• Frontal
  
  • Contains the motor cortex and Broca’s area (expressive speech function)
• Parietal
  
  • Contains the sensory cortex
• Occipital
  
  • Contains the visual cortex
• Temporal
  
  • Contains the auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area (comprehension of verbal/written language)

Question 19

The cerebral cortex is the gray matter of the brain. What is contained within the subcortical structures (white matter) of the brain?

Answer 19

• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Pineal gland
• Thalamus
• Basal ganglia
• Hippocampus
• Amygdala

Question 20

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 20

• Coordinate muscle movements
• Maintains posture and balance
• (fine motor skills and coordinattion)

Question 21

What are the functions of the brain stem?

Answer 21

• Regulates autonomic functions (breathing, HR, digestion, swallowing)
• Facilitates communication between the cerebrum/cerebellum and spinal cord

Question 22

What are the components of the brain stem?

Answer 22

• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata

Question 23

What are the meninges and what is it composed of?

Answer 23

• Membrane that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord.
• Three layers: dura mater, arachnoid, pia matter

Question 24

Where is the subarachnoid space and what is its general function?

Answer 24

• Space between the arachnoid layer and pia mater
• It is the space w/in which CSF flows

Question 25

What is the purpose of CSF?

Answer 25

• Surrounds and cushions the CNS
• Provides nutrients and eliminates waste products