Recall mix 1 Flashcards
What does nativism mean?
Noam Chomsky - Children’s brains contain a Language Acquistion Device that hold grammatical universals
What is a virtuous error?
Phonological mistakes a child makes but they are known as virtuous errors since they aren’t mistakes. They aid the child to understanding the English Language.
What is the difference between centration and egocentrism?
Piaget and cognitivism
Centration: Centration is the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation at one time. When a child can focus on more than one aspect of a situation at the same time they have the ability to decenter.
Egocentrism: Inability to see from someone else’s point of view. (Piaget proposed that happens in a preoperational child)
What is object permanence?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen.
What does Chomsky propose a LAD does?
Language Acquisition Device - and instinctive mental capacity that allows an infant to acquire and produce language.
What is universal grammar?
Nativism linked - all children across the world regardless of language can learn at a similar rate
What are principles and parameters?
Chomsky - nativism
Principles - grammar - universal, they occur in every language.
Parameters - Aspects of grammar that act as switches – these can be turned on or off depending on which language is used in the input.
What is cognitivism?
Jean Piaget (1936)
That language development goes hand in hand with cognitive development (the pathways developed in the brain when we learn new information)
Therefore, the child has to acquire concepts (eg size) in order to use words relating to it (eg more than or less than)
Children therefore only learn more complex language when their intellectual and cognitive development is ready
What does it mean to exaggerate prosodic cues?
using more exaggerated intonation patterns and slightly higher frequencies, greater pitch variations.
What is over re-casting?
phrasing sentences in different ways, such as making it a question, putting into a new utterance
What is echoing?
repeating what the child said.
What is expansion?
restating what the child said in a more accurate or detailed way.
What is expatiation?
expounding further on the word by giving more information.
What is labeling?
providing the name of objects, using simplified vocabulary
What is over-articulating?
using more precise sounds contained in the words, stretching out sounds, sounding out ‘super-vowels’
