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BIO 1000; Lecture: Exam 1 > Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are properties of a subatomic particle?

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

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2
Q

What is the charge of 1 proton?

A

+1

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3
Q

What is the charge of a neutron.

A

There is no charge; neutral.

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4
Q

What is a the charge of an electron?

A

-1

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5
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1 Atomic Mass Unit or AMU

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6
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1 atomic mass unit or AMU

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7
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

0 Atomic Mass Units or AMU

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8
Q

Where is the location of the proton?

A

The proton is located in the nucleus.

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9
Q

Where is the location of a neutron?

A

A neutron is located in the nucleus.

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10
Q

Where is an electron located?

A

An electron is located in the electron shell.

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11
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons

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12
Q

What is the Mass number?

A

Protons + Neutrons

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13
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

The average of the mass number found through isotopes.

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14
Q

What is an isotope?

A

When an atom of the same element have a different number of neutrons.

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15
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Atoms are the most stable when the valence shell is full (8 elections).

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16
Q

What do Ionic bonds do?

A

Give or take

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17
Q

When will an atom give away their or transfer electrons during ionic bonding?

A

When that atom has 3 or less on its most outer shell.

18
Q

When would an atom receive atoms when trying to achieve ionic bonding?

A

When that atom has 5 or more electrons

19
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When two atoms share electrons.

20
Q

What is polar covalent bonding?

A

When one atom attracts electrons to a grater degree through electronegativity.

21
Q

Explain electronegativity?

A

Electronegativity occurs during polar bonding because amongst the molecule there is an atom that has more protons that causes a stronger pull of the electrons that are negative.

22
Q

True or False

A molecule can have polar bonding through individual bonds but can be unipolar as a molecule as a whole.

A

True

23
Q

How many electrons are being shared from each molecule?

H – H

A

1 electron

24
Q

How many electrons are being shared from each molecule?

H = H

A

2 electrons

25
Q

How many electrons are being shared from each molecule?

H = H

A

3 electrons

26
Q

Within the polar covalent bond of h2o, which atom is + and which is - ?

A

Oxygen is - while hydrogen is +

27
Q

How is a hydrogen bond formed?

A

Partial charges through polar covalent bonding created by electronegativity attract other atoms with molecules forming bonds.

28
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The most abundant part.

29
Q

What is a solute?

A

The least abundant part that easily dissolves.

30
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Something that easily dissolved in water; polar molecules are hydrophilic.

31
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Something that does not dissolve in water; nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic.

32
Q

What happens to ionic compounds in water?

A

Ionic compounds dissociate while simultaneously attracting to each other.

33
Q

How does the PH scale range from?

A

0 - 14

34
Q

What does a hydrogen ion look like?

A

H+

35
Q

What does a hydroxide ion look like?

A

OH-

36
Q

Does hydroxide ion work as an acid or base?

A

Base

37
Q

Does a hydrogen ion work as an acid or a base?

A

acid

38
Q

What does it mean to move up on the PH scale?

Move down?

A

1, 2, 3, 4

9, 8, 7, 6

39
Q

What is considered neutral on the PH scale?

What is it?

A

7

Water

40
Q

What is an acid?

A

Substances that dissociate in water and release positive hydrogen ions (H+)

41
Q

What is a base?

A

Substances that dissociate in water and release negative hydroxide ions (OH-)

42
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A substance that helps keep the PH in a particular range

BIO 1000; Lecture: Exam 1 (3 decks)

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