Thermodynamics Flashcards
This involves the storage, transformation and transfer of energy.
Thermodynamics
A volume into which and/or from which a substance flows. It is also an open system.
Control Volume
It is composed of a single phase, free of magnetic and electrical surface effects. It only needs two properties to fix it.
Simple System
It is the condition of a system described by giving values its properties at the given instant.
State
It is the property of matter that is independent on the mass
Intensive Property
It is the property of matter that is dependent on the mass
Extensive Property
It is an extensive property divided by the mass.
Specific Property
It happens when the properties do not vary from point to point in a system and there is no tendency for additional change.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium
It is the path of successive states through which a system passes
Process
It is phenomenon where, if in passing from one state to the next, the deviation from equilibrium is infinitesimal. It is also called a quasi static process.
Quasi-Equilibrium
It is a process in which, when reversed, leaves no change in either the system or surroundings.
Reversible Process
It is a process where the temperature is constant
Isothermal Process
It is a process where the pressure is constant
Isobaric
It is a process where the volume is constant.
Isochoric/Isovolumetric/Isometric
It is a kind of process where there is no heat transfer.
Adiabatic
It is defined as the degree of hotness or coldness of a certain substance with respect to some standard value. It is a property that is dependent on the substance’s energy content.
Temperature
It it is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the different particles in a sample of matter
Temperature
This states that if two bodies are equal in temperature to a third, then they are equal in temperature.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
This states that during a given process, the net heat transfer minus the net work equals the change in energy
First Law of Thermodynamics
This states that a device cannot operate in a cycle and produce work output while exchanging heat with a single constant temperature reservoir.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
This states that the volume varies inversely with pressure for an ideal gas.
Boyle’s Law
This states that the volume varies directly with temperature for an ideal gas
Charles’ Law
It states that equal volumes of different ideal gases with the same temperature and pressure contain the equal number of molecules.
Avogadro’s Law
1 atm = ____ psi
14.7
1 atm = ____ kPa
101.325
1 atm = _____ mm Hg
760
1 atm = ____ in Hg
29.92
1 atm = ____ torr
760
1 atm = _____ bar
1.01325
What is the freezing point for the Fahrenheit scale?
32
What is the boiling point for Fahrenheit Scale
212
Temp in Kelvin = Temp in Celsius + _______
273.15
Temp in Rankine = Temp in Fahrenheit + _________
460
What is the value for universal gas constant (R) in J/mol*K ?
8.314
It encompasses all of potential and kinetic energies of the atoms or molecules of a substance. It is a function of temperature and is expressed in kJ/kg or Btu/lbm.
Internal Energy
It is a property which represents the total useful energy in the substance, It consists of the Internal energy and the flow energy.
Enthalpy
It is the measure of energy which is no longer available to perform work within the current environment. The total unavailable energy in a system and is equal to the summation of all unavailable energy inputs over the life of the system
Entropy
It is the form of energy associated with the kinetic random motion of large no. of molecules
Heat
It is the heat needed to change the temperature of the body without changing its phase.
Sensible Heat
It is the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of unit mass through one degree.
Specific Heat
What is the specific heat of water in kcal/kg*degC?
1 kcal/kg*degC
What is the specific heat of ice in kcal/kg*degC?
0.5 kcal/kg*degC
What is the specific heat of steam in kcal/kg*degC?
0.4
It is defined as the heat capacity per unit mass.
Specific Heat
What is the formula for Linear Expansion?
∆L = αL∆T
What is the formula for Volume Expansion?
∆V = βV∆T
The coefficient of volume expansion, β, is _______ times the coefficient of linear expansion α
three (3)
1 cal = _____ J
4.186
1 BTU = _______ cal
252.16
1 BTU = ______ J
1055.06
It is the heat required to change the state of the substance from solid to liquid and to gas without changing in temperature
Latent Heat
It is the latent heat in changing solid to liquid
Latent Heat of Fusion (Lf)
What is the Lf of ice in kJ/kg?
333.5
What is the Lf of ice in cal/g?
79.7
What is the Lf of ice in BTU/lbm?
143.4
It is the latent heat in changing liquids to gas.
Latent heat of vaporization
It is the latent heat for changing from solid to gas.
Latent heat of sublimation
What is the Lv of water in kJ/kg
2256.7
What is the Lv of water in cal/g?
539.1
What is the Lv of water in BTU/lbm?
970.3
It refers to the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature.
Heat Capacity
It is a mode of heat transfer in which heat is transferred by molecular interaction through bodies in contact.
Conduction
It refers to the transfer of thermal energy between neighboring molecules in a substance due to a temperature gradient
Thermal Conduction
It states that the time rate of heat to transfer through a material is proportional to the gradient in the temperature and to the area, at right angle to the gradient, through which the heat is flowing.
Fourier’s Law of Thermal Conduction
What is the formula for Thermal Conduction?
Q = (kAtΔT) / L
where: k = thermal conductivity constant A = area t = time L = thickness of slab/material ΔT = change/difference in temperature
It is the insulating ability of a layer of material
Thermal Resistance (R)
