Abdo Flashcards
Dysphagia
bulbar palsy psuedobulbar palsy pharyngeal pouch achalasia oesophageal malignancy benign oesophageal strictures CREST plummer-vinson syndrome
Dyspepsia
GORD peptic ulcer disease gastritis oesophagitis zollinger-ellison syndrome hiatus hernia
Haematemesis
oropharygneal trauma epistaxis (false) Mallory-weiss tear oesphageal rupture oesphageal varices peptic ulcer disease
Nausea and vomiting
metabolic - DKA, adrenal insufficiency
sepsis
GI - gastroenteritis, obstruction, pancreatitis
central - raised ICP, vertigo
medication SE - chemotherapy
Abdominal distension
Fat Faetus Flatus Faeces Fluid Mass
Diffuse abdominal pain
IBS, IBD, obstruction, peritonitis, DKA, gastroenteritis, hypercalaemia, somatasisation, mesenteric ischaemia
RUQ
Lower lobe pneumonia Hepatitis - viral, AI, alcohol Biliary colic, PSC, PBC Pancreatitis GIT - DU Renal - colic, pyelo
RIF
GYNAE - CYSTS, ECTOPIC TESTICULAR TORSION Apppendicitis Caecal volvulus IBD Inguinal hernia
LUQ
Splenomegaly Lower lobe pneumonia Abscess Cancer UC Pyelonephritis/ureteric colic ADPKD
LIF pain
diverticulitis sigmoid volvulus strangulated hernia internal haemorrhoids constipation/faecal impaction cancer abscess
gynae - ovarian cyst accident, ectopic,
testicular torsion
Supra-pubic pain
UTI urinary retention bladder stone Crohn’s - terminal ileitis UC backwash
gynae - mittelschmerz, ovarian cyst accident, miscarriage, ectopic, PID
male - testicular torsion
Epigastric pain
GI - oesophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis, gastritis
non-GI - MI, ruptured AAA
Change in bowel habit
either - IBS, bowel cancer
constipation - obstruction (volvulus, faecal impaction), hypothyroidism, hypercalaemia, opioid SE, dietary
diarrhoea - coeliac disease, C. Diff, anxiety, hyperthyroidism, gastroenteritis, laxative misuse
Change in stool
PR bleeding
- melaena - malignancy, upper GI bleed (peptic ulcer)
- mixed - malignancy (SB/upper LB), diverticulitis, IBD
- fresh/not mixed - haemorrhoids, fissure
- other (mixed presentation) - mesenteric ischaemia, gastroenteritis (campylobacter, histolytica, E.coli, salmonella, shigella)
Mucus - IBD
Pale - post-hepatic obstructive jaundice
Steatorrhoea - chronic pancreatitis, CF, orlistat SE
Jaundice
pre-hepatic - haemolysis (AIHA, SCD, hereditary spherocytosis)
hepatic - Gilbert’s, viral hepatitis, AI hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, NASH, DILI
post-hepatic - obstruction (gallstones, head of pancreas tumour), cholangitis (ascending, PSC), PBC
