Chest

Question 1

SOB

Answer 1

Respiratory (restrictive) - pneumothorax, IPF, lung cancer, effusion/empyema/haemothorax
Respiratory (obstructive) - COPD, asthma
Respiratory (other/perfusion) - PE

Cardio - MI, heart failure, severe valve pathology (R)

Metabolic - salicyclate overdose, DKA,
Haematology - anaemia
Anaphylaxis, sepsis
Anxiety/panic attack

Question 2

Wheeze

Answer 2

Asthma
COPD
Cardiac wheeze (heart failure)

Question 3

Chest pain

Answer 3

Cardio - MI, pericarditis, myocarditis, stable angina, critical aortic stenosis, aortic dissection (type A)

Resp - PE, pneumonthorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, lung collapse

MSK - costochondritis, rib fracture

GI - GORD, peptic ulcer disease, oesophagitis, oesphageal rupture

Pleuritic chest pain - pneumothorax, PE, pericarditis, pneumonia, pleural effusion

Question 4

Palpitations

Answer 4

Cardiac - AF, ectopic beats, SVT
Metabolic - Thyrotoxicosis
Psychogenic - Anxiety

Question 5

Haemoptysis

Answer 5

True
Cardiac - heart failure
Resp- lung cancer, PE, aspergilloma, Goodpastures, Wegener’s

False - haematemesis on a low scale
URT - epistaxis
GIT - Mallory weiss, boerhaaves

Question 6

Peripheral oedema/calf swelling

Answer 6

unilateral

• DVT
• cellulitis
• erysipelas
• trauma/compartment syndrome

bilateral

• positionalf
• heart failure
• nephrotic syndrome
• liver failure
• IVC obstruction
• lymphoedema post LN resection for abdo malignancy
• chronic venous insufficiency
• pre-eclampsia (pregnancy)

Question 7

Cough

Answer 7

Respiratory (productive) - pneumonia (typical, atypical), TB, COPD, bronchiectasis, bronchitis
Respiratory (unproductive) - asthma, fibrosis
Cardiac - heart failure, cor pulmonale
GI - GORD
Other - ACEi, bradykinins