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Pharm 2 Module 1.1-1.2 > Drugs-MOA and site only > Flashcards

Drugs-MOA and site only Flashcards

1
Q

Acetazolamide Diamox
MOA
renal site of action

A
  • Inhibition of renal carbonic anhydrase to decrease sodium and bicarb reabsorption
  • PCT
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2
Q

verapamil Covera-HS, Calan

A

Calcium channel blockers - vasodilators

non-dihydropyridines: Prefer open confirmation of L-type calcium channel (heart) and block it

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3
Q

labetalol Trandate

A

labetalol Trandate

B1/B2/a1 antagonist (7:1)

A1: decrease in SVR

B1: prevents reflex increase in heart rate

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4
Q

nifedipine Procardia, Adalat

A

nifedipine Procardia, Adalat

Calcium channel blockers - vasodilators

Dihydropyridines; prefer to bind to the inactivated state of L-type calcium channel and block it

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5
Q

captopril Capoten

A

ACE inhibitors: decrease angiotensin II levels and increase bradykinin levels

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6
Q

desmopressin/DDAVP

A
  • V2 selective agonist, : more potent antidiuretic as compared to vasopressin
  • Vasopressin Receptor Agonist
  • Collecting Duct
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7
Q

Sodium thiosulfate

A

Treatment of cyanide toxicity

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8
Q

3% sodium nitrate

A

Treatment of cyanide toxicity

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9
Q

bosentan Tracleer

A

Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist
Nonselective

Endothelin (Gq coupled) leads to contraction of smooth muscle; thereby relaxation is caused by antagonism

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10
Q

losartan Cozaar

A

ARB

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) at AT1 receptors

Vasodilation, renal vasodilation on efferent, block Na+ reabsorption, block SNS discharge, inhibit ADH release

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11
Q

isoproterenol

A

Beta adrenergic agonist (synthetic agonist with relative selectivity for Beta1 > Beta2)

Beta1 - Positive inotrope, chronotrope, lusitrope.
Beta2 - peripheral vasodilation and hypotension. No activity on alpha

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12
Q

vasopressin /pitressin
MOA
renal site of action

A
  • Vasopressin Receptor Agonist
  • V1: Gq coupled on vascular smooth muscle, V1: vasoconstriction
  • V2: Gs coupled on vascular endothelium and collecting duct: phosphorylation of AQP2, V2: release of coagulation factors, water reabsorption, Conserve body fluid, prevent fluid loss, maintain perfusion
  • Collecting Duct
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13
Q

atenolol Tenormin
MOA

A

B1 selective antagonists

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14
Q

dopamine

A

Beta adrenergic agonist

Low dose: D1 vasodilation and increase in renal blood flow

Intermediate: B2 and B1: increase HR/contractility, decreased SVR

High: A1 peripheral vasoconstriction

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15
Q

bumetanide/bumex
MOA
renal area of action

A

loop diuretic

Inhibition of Na+ reabsorption in thick ascending Loop of Henle by blocking NKCC2 (Na+/K+/Cl-) transporter

Thick ascending limb of LOH

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16
Q

ambrisentan Letairis

A

Endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist
Selective

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17
Q

triamterene Dyrenium
moa
site of action

A

potassium sparing diuretic
collecting duct

Liddle’s syndrome (super ENaC Na channel)

Block ENacC Na channel.

Contradications - ACE, ARBs, renal insufficiency with hyperkalemia

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18
Q

hydralazine Apresoline

A

Decrease vascular smooth muscle tone (Mechanism unclear)

Direct relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle (mechanism unclear)

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19
Q

lisinopril Prinivil, Zestril

A

ACE inhibitors: decrease angiotensin II levels and increase bradykinin(vasodilation) levels

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20
Q

epinephrine

A

Beta adrenergic agonist

Low dose - Beta1 - positive inotrope, lusitrope, chronotrope, and dromotrope, also vasodilation in SKM;
High dose - alpha1 - generalized peripheral vasoconstriction increasing afterload

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21
Q

phenoxybenzamine Dibenzyline

A

phenoxybenzamine Dibenzyline

alpha1, alpha 2 antagonist

A1 and A2 adrenergic receptor antagonist- irreversibleblocks resulting in longer half life and very long duration of action (central dogma)

22
Q

hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
MOA
site of action in kidney

A
  • hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
  • Block Na+/2Cl- cotransporter in the DCT, inhibition of NaCl reabsorption in the DCT, increase absorption of Ca2+
  • Vasodilatory effect
  • Thiazides
  • DCT
23
Q

amlodipine Norvasc

A

Calcium channel blockers - vasodilators

Dihydropyridines; prefer to bind to the inactivated state of L-type calcium channel and block it

24
Q

phentolamine OraVerse, Regitine

A

alpha1, alpha 2 antagonist

25
Q

metoprolol Lopressor, Toprol
MOA

A

B1 selective antagonists

Antagonism of B1 in the heart, renal juxtaglomerular cells

26
Q

mannitol/osmitrol
MOA
renal site of action

A
  • mannitol/osmitrol
  • PCT (primary), loop of Henle (secondary)
  • osmotic diuretic, Molecules that are filtered into the glomerulus and not reabsorbed, limits reabsorption of water
27
Q

irbesartan Avapro, Aprovel

A

ARB

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) at AT1 receptors

Vasodilation, renal vasodilation on efferent, block Na+ reabsorption, block SNS discharge, inhibit ADH release

28
Q

dobutamine

A

Beta adrenergic agonist (synthetic sympathomimetic amine)

29
Q

fenoldopam Corlopam

A

D1 dopamine receptor agonist

Peripheral D1 dopamine receptor agonist

Decrease SVR, increase renal blood flow

30
Q

digoxin Digox, Lanoxin

A

Cardiac glycosides

raise intracellular calcium by inhibiting Na/K ATPase pump on sarcolemma

31
Q

Conivaptan/vaprisol
MOA
renal site of action

A
  • Nonselective vasopressin antagonist
    V1 blockade: vasodilation
  • V2 blockade: water excretion from collecting duct
  • Collecting Duct
32
Q

diltiazem Cardizem, Dilacor

A

Calcium channel blockers - vasodilators

non-dihydropyridines: Prefer open confirmation of L-type calcium channel (heart) and block it

33
Q

aliskiren Tekturna

A

Renin inhibitor

Decreases SVR and Na+ absorption by kidney

34
Q

Spironolactone Aldactone
MOA
site of action

A
  • potassium sparing,
  • Spironolactone Aldactone
  • Aldosterone/mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist, inhibit synthesis of ENaC Na+ channel
  • Collecting duct
35
Q

norepinephrine

A

Beta adrenergic agonist
Low dose - Beta1 - positive inotrope, lusitrope, chronotrope, and dromotrope,
alpha1 - vasoconstriction with increased afterload.
Little effect on Beta2

36
Q

milrinone Primacor

A

Phosphodiesterase (PDE)3 Inhibitor

Positive inotrope (improves diastolic dysfunction), vasodilation. Blocks metabolism of cAMP (inotropic effects), cGMP (vasodilatory effects)

Increased inotropy, increased lusitropy, decreased SVR, decreased preload (increased venous capacitance)

37
Q

methylene blue MB

A

eNOS inhibitor

Vasoconstriction

38
Q

doxazosin Cardura

A

alpha1 antagonist

39
Q

Hydroxocobalamin Vitamin B12

A

Treatment of cyanide toxicity

40
Q

tolvaptan/samsca
MOA
renal site of action

A
  • V2 selective, Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist
    V2 blockade: water excretion
  • Collecting Duct
41
Q

terlipressin
MOA
renal site of action

A
  • V1 selectivity and partial agonist
  • Vasopressin Receptor Agonist
  • Collecting Duct
42
Q

minoxidil Loniten, Rogaine, Renewal

A

Potassium channel opener

arterial dilation and renal venodilation

Opening of ATP-modulated K+ channels resulting in hyperpolarization

43
Q

furosemide/lasix
MOA
renal site of action

A

loop diuretic,

Inhibition of Na+ reabsorption in thick ascending Loop of Henle by blocking NKCC2 (Na+/K+/Cl-) transporter

Thick ascending limb of LOH

44
Q

Digibind

A

Anti-digoxin antibodies

45
Q

chlorothiazide/diuril
MOA
site of action

A

thiazides
DCT

Block Na+/2Cl- cotransporter in the DCT, inhibition of NaCl reabsorption in the DCT, increase absorption of Ca2+

46
Q

amiloride Midamor
MOA
site of action

A
  • amiloride Midamor
  • potassium sparing diuretic
  • collecting duct
  • Pharmacological blockage of ENaC Na+ channel (not synthesis of the channel like Spironolactone)
    Liddle’s syndrome (super ENaC Na channel)
47
Q

propranolol Inderal, Innopran
MOA

A

Nonselective beta antagonist

48
Q

terazosin Hytrin

A

alpha1 antagonist

49
Q

prazosin Minipress

A

alpha1 antagonist

Block A1 adrenergic receptors, greater effect in arterioles resulting in vasodilation

50
Q

eplerenone Inspra
MOA
site of action

A
  • eplerenone Inspra
  • Aldosterone/mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist - potassium sparing
  • Collecting duct

Pharm 2 Module 1.1-1.2 (5 decks)

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