Aldehydes & Ketones

Question 1

What prefix should be used when ketones are named as substituents?

Answer 1

-Oxo or -keto

Question 2

In the presence of H2O, ketones & aldehydes react to form what ?

Answer 2

Geminal (bonded to same carbon) diols

Question 3

What is the product of 1 & 2 equiv. of alcohol added to ketones & aldehydes (respectively)?

Answer 3

1: hemiketal & hemiacetal
2: ketal & acetal (via SN1)

Question 4

A compound w/ a nitrogen atom double bonded to a carbon is known as an?

Answer 4

Imine

• Condensation rxn
• Tautomerization = enamine (amine group & double bonded carbon)

Question 5

2 isomers which differ in the placement of a double bond & proton are called ?

Answer 5

Tautomers

Question 6

What are the rxn conditions associated with enolate formation ?

Answer 6

Kinetic: bonded on less sterically hindered a-carbon, rapid, irreversible, low temp, & strong sterically hindered base

Thermodynamic: bonded on more sterically hindered a-carbon, slow, high temp, reversible, & weak small base

Question 7

What is added to facilitate a retro-aldol rxn ?

Answer 7

Aqueous base & heat