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FCM Y1 SGUL > HAEMATOLOGY > Flashcards

HAEMATOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

hypersegemented neutrophils

A

macrocytic anaemia - vitB12 or folate deficiency

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2
Q

management of vitB12 def anaemia

A

1g IM hydroxycobalamin 3 times a week for 2 weeks
then every 3 months

if dietary can give oral oxocobalamin daily

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3
Q

management for folate def anaemia

A

oral folic acid daily for 4 months

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4
Q

anaemia symptoms
neuro symptoms
lemon tinge/mild jaundice

typically middle-old age female

A

pernicious anaemia

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5
Q 
pancytopenia 
normocytic normochromic anaemia 
thrombocytopenia 
leukopenia
(anaemia symptoms, infections and bleeding)
A

aplastic anaemia

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6
Q

definitive investigation for aplastic anaemia

A

biopsy - empty marrow or dry tap

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7
Q

management of aplastic anemia

A

remove any toxinx/meds/cause
if under 50 = stem cell transplant
if over 50 = immunosuppression with cyclosporine and glucocorticoids
severe cases = blood transfusion and GCS factor

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8
Q 
angina
dyspnoea
tachycardia 
jaundice 
splenomegaly 
gallbladder involvement \
ulcers
A

haemolytic anaemia

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9
Q

investigation for haemolytic anaemia

A

coombs test - positive
spherocytes on blood film
IgM = cold HA
IgG = warm HA

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10
Q

management of haemolytic anaemia

A 
warm = steroid, immunosuppression and then splenectomy 
cold = no tx

if severe = plasmapheresis

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11
Q

anaemia, neonatal jaundice/dark urine, splenomegaly, gallstones, intravascular haemolysis/haemoglobinuria
triggered by broad bean consumption

A

G6PD deficiency

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12
Q

Investigations of G6PD def anaemia

A

diagnostic = G6PD enzyme assay

also heinz bodies and bite/blister cells on blood film

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13
Q

management of G6PD def anaemia

A

avoid triggers

crisis = rehydrate and blood transfusion

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14
Q 
25yrs 
anaemia 
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia 
splenomegaly 
bone pain
A

AML

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15
Q

management for AML

A

chemo

allogenic SCT

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16
Q 
philadelphia chromosome
60-70yrs 
marked splenomegaly = abdo pain 
B symptoms 
and WBC at different stages of maturation
A

CML

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17
Q

management of CML

A

imatinib

(hydroxyurea, a-interferon and allogenic BM transplant)§

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18
Q 
child, boy
anaemia 
thrombocytopenia = brusing, bleeding or petechiae
bone pain 
hepatosplenomegaly
A

ALL

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19
Q

management of ALL

A

chemotherapy +/- immunotherapy

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20
Q

adult with marked lymphadenopathy, B symptoms, bleeding and infections, anaemia

A

CLL

21
Q

investigations for CLL

A

Immunophenotyping

smudge/smear cells on blood film

22
Q

management of CLL

A

watchful waiting if caught early

immunochemotherapy

23
Q

usually after injection/infection
can be in older females
bleeding
petechiae/purpura

A

ITP

24
Q

management of ITP

A

prednisolone and IVIG

sometimes splenectomy

25
Q

fever, raised creatinine, anaemia, neurological symptoms and thrombocytopenia
usually linked to ADAMTS13 deficiency

A

TTP

26
Q

Investigations for TTP

A

ADAMTS13 IgG

27
Q

management of TTP

A

daily plasma exchange

corticosteroids/rituximab

28
Q

hypercalcemia, renal stones, anaemia, lytic lesions (on MRI)/ bence jones proteins (urine electrophoresis)

A

Multiple myeloma

29
Q

management of multiple myeloma

A

induction therapy

dexamethasona and rituximab - SCT

30
Q

associated with EBV or c-myc translocation
either presents with jaw swelling/pain
OR
abdo pain, distension or ascites

A

burkitt’s lymphoma

31
Q

investigations for burkitt’s lymphoma

A

starry sky appearance - apoptotic cells in macrophages

32
Q

management of burkitt’s lymphoma

A

chemotherapy

33
Q 
painless lymphadenopathy 
B symptoms 
alcohol consumption pain 
pruritus 
normocytic anaemia
A

hodgkin’s lymphoma

34
Q

reed sternberg/owl shaped/multinucleate

A

hodgkin’s lymphoma

35
Q

management of hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

immunochemotherapy

36
Q

diagnostic Ix for hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

biopsy

37
Q 
prolonged bleeding time 
lowered factor 8 
epistaxis 
menorrhagia 
prolonged PT/APTT
A

von willebrand’s disease

38
Q

management of VWD

A

mild bleeding = tranexamic acid
desmopressin
factor 8

39
Q

hemophilia A

A

factor 8 deficiency

40
Q

hemophilia B

A

factor 9 deficiency

41
Q

haemophilia C

A

factor 11 deficiency

42
Q

haemarthrosis
haematomas
prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma

A

haemophilia

43
Q

management of haemophilia

A

IV infusion of desmopressin

and blood transfusion/correct coagulation factor deficiency

44
Q

failure to thrive in first year of life
hepatoplenomegaly - swollen abdomen
microcytic anaemia
jaundice

A

thalassemia

45
Q

target cells on blood film

high iron/ferritin/TIBC

A

thalassemia

46
Q

management of thalassemia

A

repeated transfusion

SC infusion of deferoxamine

47
Q

management of thrombocytopenia

A

stop anticoagulation with heparin

only transfuse if pt is haemorrhaging

48
Q 
hyperviscosity
pruritus, typically after a hot bath
splenomegaly
haemorrhage (secondary to abnormal platelet function)
plethoric appearance
hypertension in a third of patients
associated with JAK mutation
A

polycythemia vera

49
Q

management of polycythemia vera

A

venesection first line
aspirin
chemotherapy - hydroxyurea

FCM Y1 SGUL (15 decks)

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