1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 Concept and definition Flashcards
(30 cards)
When did the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ originate?
1950s
What is the goal of AI?
To build and program ‘intelligent’ machines capable of imitating human beings.
How is AI defined today?
The capability of an engineered system to acquire, process, and apply knowledge and skills.
How was AI perceived in the 1970s regarding chess?
A computer beating a human at chess was considered AI.
What AI milestone happened over 20 years ago in chess?
Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov.
Why is Deep Blue’s approach not considered AI today?
It used brute force and did not learn from data or self-improve.
What were expert systems in the 1970s and 1980s?
Systems that incorporated human expertise as rules that could be run repeatedly.
Are expert systems still considered AI today?
No, they are no longer classified as AI.
What is the ‘AI Effect’?
The changing perception of what constitutes artificial intelligence.
Why does the definition of AI change over time?
Because as AI capabilities advance, what was once considered AI may no longer be seen as such.
What are the three main categories of AI?
Narrow AI, General AI, and Super AI
What is another name for Narrow AI?
Weak AI
What is another name for General AI?
Strong AI
What is the primary characteristic of Narrow AI?
It is programmed to carry out a specific task with limited context
What are some examples of Narrow AI?
Game-playing systems, spam filters, test case generators, voice assistants
What is the primary characteristic of General AI?
It has general cognitive abilities similar to humans, allowing it to reason and understand its environment
As of 2021, have any General AI systems been realized?
No
What is the main difference between Narrow AI and General AI?
Narrow AI is task-specific, while General AI has wide-ranging cognitive abilities similar to humans
What is Super AI capable of?
Replicating human cognition, utilizing massive processing power, and accessing all human knowledge
What does Super AI have access to that enhances its capabilities?
Practically unlimited memory and all human knowledge (e.g., through the web)
What is the technological singularity?
The point at which AI transitions from General AI to Super AI and becomes wiser than humans
How do conventional computer systems transform inputs into outputs?
Relatively easy for humans to understand
This is due to the structured programming approach.
What is the role of patterns in an AI-based system using machine learning?
Determine how it should react in the future to new data
This is a key aspect of machine learning.
What is an example of an AI-based system mentioned in the text?
An AI-based image processor designed to identify images of cats
It is trained with a set of images known to contain cats.
