1.1

Question 1

Define an atom

Ions and balancing equations

Answer 1

An atom is the smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

Question 2

Define an element

Answer 2

An element is a substance that cannot be split into anything simpler by chemical means

Question 3

Define an ion

Answer 3

An ion is where an element gains or loses electrons/ has a charge

Question 4

Define a cation

Answer 4

A cation is a positively charged ion, where electrons have been lost

Question 5

Define an anion

Answer 5

An anion is a negatively charged ion where electrons have been gained

Question 6

What charge metals have?

Answer 6

Positive

Question 7

What charge to non-metals have?

Answer 7

Negative

Question 8

How do you calculate what charge an element will have

Answer 8

The number of electrons it needs to lose/gain in order to obtain full shells

Question 9

What is the only positively charged complex ion?

Answer 9

Ammonium (NH4 +)

Question 10

What negatively charged complex ions have a charge of -1?

Answer 10

Hydroxide (OH -)
Nitrate (NO3 -)
Nitrite (NO2 -)
Hydrogencarbonate (HCO3 -) Hydrogensulphate (HSO4 -)

Question 11

What negatively charged complex ions have a charge of -2?

Answer 11

Sulfate (SO4 2-)
Sulfite (SO3 2-)
Carbonate (CO3 2-)

Question 12

What negatively charged complex ion has a charge of -3

Answer 12

Phosphate (PO4 3-)

Question 13

What are the common acids?

Answer 13

Hydrochloric (HCl)
Sulfuric (H2SO4)
Nitric (HNO3)

Question 14

What is an ionic equation?

Answer 14

An ionic equation involves only the reacting particles and the products they form. It involves any ion in solution

Question 15

What is essential in an ionic equation?

Answer 15

• The state symbols
• The products cannot be aqueous

Question 16

What is a spectator ion?

Answer 16

An ion that is present in the reaction but not involved (remains in aqueous solution)

Question 17

What is the purpose of an oxidation number?

Oxidation numbers

Answer 17

It is the number of electrons that need to be added/taken away from an element to make it useful and can be used to show how many of each type of atom combine in compounds

Question 18

What is the oxidation number of an uncombined element?

Answer 18

0

Question 19

What is the oxidation number of an ion?

Answer 19

The same as its charge

Question 20

What is the sum of the oxidation numbers in a compound?

Answer 20

0

Question 21

What oxidation numbers do group 1 and group 2 metals have in compounds

Answer 21

Group 1 = +1
Group 2 = +2

Question 22

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in a compound?

Answer 22

-2

Question 23

What are the exceptions to oxygens oxidation number?

Answer 23

Fluorine, peroxides and superoxides

Question 24

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in a compound?

Answer 24

+1

Question 25

What is the exception to hydrogens oxidation number?

Answer 25

When it is in a metal hydride

Question 26

In compounds/ions of more than one element, which has the negative oxidation number?

Answer 26

The most electronegative

Question 27

What is a redox reaction?

Answer 27

A reaction in which one substance is oxidised and the other is reduced

Question 28

What happens to the oxidation number in oxidation?

Answer 28

It increases (It has gained electons)

Question 29

What happens to the oxidation number during reduction?

Answer 29

It decreases (It has lost electrons)