1.1 Flashcards
(78 cards)
Who introduced a reform bill in 1866 and what was proposed.
Gladstone and his liberal government failed to pass a reform bill in 1866 which proposed a reduction in rental value qualification from £10 to £7 per year. It would have enfranchised an extra 200,000 men largely from the artisan class. It led to a split in the liberal party.
Hyde park riots - how many people and what was the cause
200,000 people joined in and it took place in June 1866 after the failure of Gladstone reform bill. The police were overwhelmed and military was called. The reform league continued to push for reform.
What did Disraeli do in 1867
Siezed the opportunity to succeed where Gladstone had failed and introduced a more radical reform bill which would eliminate the £10/ year minimum rent and allow anyone in the towns and cities to vote if they had lived in the same house for more than 2 years (this would enfranchise an additional 400,000 people). It was amended to only 1 year residency qualification which enfranchised an additional 700,000 men to vote.
Why did Gladstone want to pass a reform act in 1866
Mostly because of principle after visiting industrial towns in the north and believing artisans deserved the vote. But he also wanted to appease radicals in his party.
Why did Disraeli want to pass a reform bill in 1867
Mostly out of party politics - he wanted to succeed where Gladstone had failed and believed this bill would cause further fractures in the liberal party (dish the whigs). He also thought he would be rewarded by gaining the working class vote by passing a reform. Conservatives had been out of power for 20 years so Disraeli had to do something bold.
You could argue it was out of pressure to because of The Hyde park riots and reform league.
What type of people and who more specifically was very critical of Disraeli decision.
The aristocracy and traditional conservatives voters. Lord cranbourne for example.
When was the secret ballot act introduced
1872
What was the secret ballot act and why was it beneficial
Gladstone passed it in 1872. — Voting now took place in secret which helped protect voters from pressure, bribery and reduced intimidation from employers, landlords and party agents.
When was the corrupt practices act introduced and what did it do.
1883 - Gladstone introduced limits on election spending, restricting transportation of voters to polling stations, candidates only allowed 1 party agent and requirements to keep a precise account on election spending.
The third reform act (when was it who passed it)?
Gladstone passed the theirs reform act in 1884
What did the 3rd reform act do ? (How many did it add to electorate)
Gave equal voting rights to rural men as urban men had had since 1867. All adult male householders and even lodgers who paid >£10 a year in rent could vote. It increased the electorate by 2.5 million. It did still exclude women and quire a few working class men.
When was the redistribution of seats act?
1885
What did the redistribution of seats act 1885 achieve?
Abolished many rotten boroughs (tiny areas that were over represented), introduced only one MP per constituency, gave greater voice to urban industrial areas particularly in the north. (Manchester only had 1 MP whereas areas in the south such as …. had a tiny population yet they had 2 MPs.
What was the Arlington street compact?
Was a political agreement between Salisbury and Gladstone to get rid of the deadlock in parliament and allow the 3rd reform act to be passed. The liberal House of Commons blocked Salisbury from achieving anything and the conservatives dominated lords blocked Gladstone from achieving anything.
In the agreement the conservatives agreed to pass the franchise bill (extending the vote) and in return Gladstone promised to introduce a fair redistribution of seats bill which would prevent liberal gerrymandering.
When was the great exhibition
1851
When was the mid Victorian boom?
1851-1873 (was also referred to as the golden age)
Give some facts about the great exhibition 1851 (where was it, how many people, profit…
Hosted in the Crystal Palace
6million people visited many of whom were foreign and bought orders (trade surplus)
Profit = £186,000
It face Britain prestige internationally, showcased new goods, set of 20 year boom and helped the balance of trade. (Surplus)
When was high farming and what caused it?
Landowners called it the golden age as there was very little foreign competition, increased productivity from selective breeding/ use of artificial fertilisers and drainage improvements / use of irrigation.
Mixed farming spread risk and increased profits.
Labour was also plentiful and cheap.
Why were the USA and Germany not challenging Britain until 1873?
The USA was in civil war until 1865.
Germany was busy fighting in the franco-Prussian war until 1871
This meant neither was able to industrialise whereas Britain had although this advantage would be short lived as Britain became complacent and also invested money abroad in places such as the US where there was good interest rates. These hot money flows provided the USA with the funds to industrialise and compete with the UK
How did the railway boom during the mid Victorian era benefit the economy
Boosted demand for coal, iron and steel.
Also led to expanding markets as previously people relied on canals which were slow and fresh produce would have gone off. (E.g. milk…)
British commitment to free trade
During the mid Victorian era Britain used no significant tariffs which is both good and bad. Countries like the USA and Germany who were still developing did put tarrifs on British goods which meant it was an unlevel playing field. We did however benefit from cheaper costs of production.
