1.1 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What does the term ‘compare’ mean?
Give an account of the similarities and differences between 2 or more issues.
What are values?
General principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives, indicating what is right or wrong.
Give an example of a value.
Respect for human life.
What are norms?
Specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern people’s behaviour in particular situations.
How are norms linked to values?
Norms are often based on the values of a society.
What is a moral code?
A set of basic rules, values, and principles held by an individual, group, or society.
Name one example of a moral code.
The Police Code of Ethics.
What are the nine policing principles outlined in the Police Code?
- Accountability
- Integrity
- Openness
- Fairness
- Leadership
- Respect
- Honesty
- Objectivity
- Selflessness
Define deviance.
Any behaviour that differs from normal, which can be unusual, uncommon, or out of the ordinary.
What are the three types of unusual behaviour?
- Unusual and good
- Unusual and eccentric
- Unusual and bad or disapproved of
What leads to a critical reaction from society regarding deviance?
Breaking a rule or norm.
What are formal sanctions?
Punishments imposed by official bodies for breaking formal rules or laws.
Give an example of a formal sanction.
Exclusion from school for bullying.
What are informal sanctions?
Sanctions used where rules are not formally written down, often ‘unspoken’.
Give an example of an informal sanction.
Telling off a friend for standing you up.
What does the term ‘sanction’ mean?
A word with both positive and negative meanings.
What is a positive sanction?
A reward for behaviour that society approves of.
What is a negative sanction?
Punishment for behaviour that society disapproves of.
What is social control?
Ways in which society controls behaviour and ensures conformity to norms.
Define criminal behaviour.
Any form of deviance involving serious, harmful acts against society.
What are the two key elements of criminal behaviour in law?
- Actus reus (a guilty act)
- Mens rea (a guilty mind)
What is strict liability?
Cases where the wrongful act alone is enough to convict someone, without needing mens rea.
What is self-defence in relation to criminal behaviour?
Assaulting someone with the intention to harm them is not a crime if done in self-defence with reasonable force.
How does public opinion affect definitions of criminal behaviour?
The public may have different views on what acts are considered crimes, affecting laws.
