1.1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Components of emotion (5):
motor expression, psychophysiological symptoms, motivational changes, subjective experiences + their interrelationships.
James proposed that
bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact and that our feelings of the same changes as they occur is the emotion.
James-Lange theory (3)
because we perceive our bodily changes we feel bad. an emotion is elicited by a person’s awareness of a specific pattern of bodily changes and the consequent interpretation of the event in terms of emotion. The term emotion is used to refer to the feeling state component. This theory disagrees with previous theories in if emotions are the cause of bodily changes and action tendencies or rather their consequence. Problem: Opentomisinterpretation Blushingisasignof: Roomistoowarm? Upcomingflu? Embarrassment?
appraisal
defined as the evaluation of the significance of an object, event or action to a person
Components of emotion therefore are (5)
feeling, physiological change, motor expression, action tendencies and cognitive processing
Mood differs from emotion (3)
in that it has a diffuse origin and a longer duration and lower intensity
Emotions are quasi-automatic response mechanisms
Emotions decouple stimulus and response i.e. they separate event and reactions by replacing the automatism of instinctive reactions with a preparation for several possible reactions alternatives.
Activation & Latency
heightened state of central and autonomous NS. After this we gain a latency time, which permits to choose an optimal reaction from a repertoire of possible behaviors. Thus, the latency time intervenes between elicitation of an emotion and execution of an reactive behavior
Role of hot cognition in human info procession
sort relevant from irrelevant, important from less important -!- Many criteria employed in stimulus evaluation are learned during socialization and represented by needs preferences, goals and values.
James feelings
our feeling state serves to reflect and intergrate all components of the emotional episode such as evaluation and appraisal, bodily changes, action tendency and expressive signals.
Why do we have emotions? (5)
- Evolutionary significance
- Emotion as a social signaling system
- Emotion affords behavioural flexibility
- Information processing
- Regulation and control
Philosophical notion for how emotions elicited and differentiated
Decisive factor in emotion elicitation and differentiation is the interaction between the type of situations and significance of the event to the person. -> appraisal of event in terms of the organism’s important needs, goals and values.
Schachter-Singer Theory of emotions (4)
the perception of non-specific arousal is sufficient to elicit emotion=feeling. Two factors that are necessary: 1) perception of the heightened sympathetic arousal 2) cognitions concerning the interpretation of the situation in the light of one’s past experiences. Role of using info from the social environment to guide judgement and choice in situations of uncertainty, so our emotional experiences are also subject to social influences and might even be open to manipulation.
Appraisal Theory
-The significance of an emotion-eliciting event to the experiencing person is established through a process of evaluation and appraisal of the event based on a set of criteria specific to the person.
Secondary appraisal
- Previousexperiences Ownabilities Whichstrategy Differentresponsespossible Determineswhichemotion
Primary appraisal
-Definesgood/notgood Quasiautomatic Focusonevent Physiologicalarousal Latencytime
Reappraisal
-of a situation often changes or corrects the first impression an thereby changes the resulting emotion
Emotion blends
complex appraisal of a given situation by a person is likely to give rise to a mixture of several emotions rather than only one specific emotion. (->Figure 6.3)
shame and guilt in different cultures
. in individualistic cultures there was little difference between shame and guilt; in collectivist cultures guilt experiences were provoked more frequently by events that were judged to be more immoral than those that produced shame.
Discrete emotions
a theory stating that there is a limited number of highly differentiated basic and universal emotions. It suggests that innate neural motor programs are executed when an emotion is induced by appropriate stimulation.
-supported by: universal facial expressions
above chance recognition of vocal expression
display rules (e.g. 4 forms)
Emotion expression is subject to cultural control and many cultures sanction explicitly or implicitly what expressions can be legitimately shown under particular circumstances
-describe different forms of suppression, de-intensifying, masking or replacing a spontaneous expression
feeling rules
There are positive feeling rules requiring an intensification of appropriate feelings in the service of social interests (e.g. stewardess creating positive social affect routines towards passengers). These rules require not only simulating a particular emotion but also actually feeling it.
Emotional expression is multifaceted –
the expression is determined both by a person’s reaction to an event and by the attempt to manipulate this expression for strategic reasons in a social interaction.
A primary function of physiological changes is
the provision if energy and the preparation for action
