1.1 Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomical Position
A
Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms forward, joints extended, and thumbs pointed away from the body
2
Q
Axial
A
Head, Neck, Trunk (core)
3
Q
Appendicular
A
appendages or limbs
upper extremities
Lower extremities
4
Q
Saggital
A
Divides body into left and right regions
5
Q
Mid-saggital
A
Divides body into equal left and right regions
6
Q
Frontal or Coronal Plane
A
Divides body into Anterior (front) and Posterior (back)
7
Q
Transverse or Horizontal
A
Divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions
8
Q
Parisaggital Plane
A
Divides body into unequal left and right regions
9
Q
Superior (cranial)
A
Toward the head
10
Q
Inferior (caudal)
A
Away from the head
11
Q
Anterior (ventral)
A
Toward the front of the body
12
Q
Posterior (Dorsal)
A
Toward the back of the body
13
Q
Medial
A
Toward the midline of the body
14
Q
Lateral
A
Away from the midline of the body
15
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to the trunk (core)
16
Q
Distal
A
Farther away from trunk (core)
17
Q
Superficial
A
Towards the skin surface
18
Q
Deep
A
Away from the skin surface
19
Q
Prone
A
Face Down
20
Q
Supine
A
Face up
21
Q
Ipsilateral
A
Same side
22
Q
Contralateral
A
Opposite sides
23
Q
Extension
A
Motion that increase an angle of a joint pushing the body part away from the body (open fist)
24
Q
Flexion
A
bending motion that decreases the angle eturning the body part to the body (closed fist)
25
Adduction
Movement toward the midline
26
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
27
Medial Rotation
Rotation movement toward the midline
28
Lateral Rotation
Rotation movement away from the midline
29
Rotation
Occurs only in the spine on transverse plane. Turning the spinal column
30
Circumduction
circular movement at a ball and socket joint (shoulder)
31
Lateral Flexion
the movement of a body part in the lateral direction, sidewards. The lateral flexion concerns mainly torso or neck and can be performed either to the right or to the left side
32
Supination
Turning the palm up or forward
33
Pronation
Turning the palm down or backward
34
Opposition
thumb is rotated around its long axis. only the thumbs can perform opposition
35
Inversion
Turning inward in reference to the foot
36
Eversion
Turning outward in reference to the foot
37
Plantar Flexion
Bending the foot so the toes point downward
38
Dorsiflexion
Bending the foot upward to the ankle
39
Protraction
the act of moving an anatomical part forward
| ex: your jaw
40
Retraction
the act of drawing back, or condition of being drawn back
| Ex: your jaw
41
Elevation
Upward movement of a limb or body part
42
Depression
Downward movement of limb or body part (opening mouth)
43
Deviation
Moving side to Side
| Ex: Mandible
44
Costal
Ribs
45
Composed of bone, cartilage and ligaments
Protects and supports body organs
Provides framework for muscles
site of blood cell formation and stores minerals
Skeletal system
46
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline (end of joints and nose)
Elastic (ears and epiglottis)
Fibro (spinal discs, knees, and pubic symphysis)
47
Bones of the skull, vertebral column, hyoid, and ribcage
| Consists of 80 bones
Axial skeleton
48
Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hips
| Consists of 128 bones
Appendicular Skeleton
49
3 functional classes of joints
Synarthroses (immovable)
Amphiarthroses (slightly movable)
Diarthroses (freely movable)
50
Functional Joint
based on the amount of movement allowed by the joint
51
Structural joint
material binding bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present
52
3 structural classes of joints
fibrous (suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis)
cartilaginous (synchondroses, symphyses)
Synovial (Diarthrotic joint)
53
Composed of muscle and tendon
allows manipulation of environment, locomotion and facial expression
maintains posture, produces heat
Muscular system
54
Name a Gliding joint
Carpals, tarsals, costal ribs, facet joint
55
Name a hinge (ginglymus) joint
elbow, phalanges, knee, interphalangial joint, temporomandibular joint (TMJ joint)
56
Name a pivot (trochoid) joint
forearm between radius an ulna, between C1+C2
57
Name a Condyloid (ellipsoid) joint
knuckles and wrist
58
Name a saddle (seller) joint
thumb
59
Name a ball and socket joint
Shoulder and hip
60
composed of heart and blood vessels
heart pumps blood
Vessels (arteries and veins) transport blood
closed system
Cardiovascular system
61
composed of brain spinal cord and nerves
Control system of the body
responds to stimuli by activating muscle and glands
Nervous system
62
3 nervous system functions
sensory input - monitoring stimuli
integration - interpretation of input
motor output - response to stimuli by activating organ response
63
name 2 parts of the central nervous system
Brain, spinal column
64
Carries message to and from spinal cord to the brain
peripheral nervous system
65
Composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
picks up fluid leaked and returns it to blood
dispose of debris in lymphatic system
houses white blood cells
open system
Lymphatic system
66
Ball-and-Socket joint
a spherical surface bone fits into a dish shaped depression of another bone
67
Ellipsoid joint
oval shaped end of one bone articulating with an elliptical basin of another bone.
68
Hinge joint
similar to a door hinge
69
Saddle joint
modifies ellipsoid joint composed of a convex and concave articulating surfaces
70
gliding joint
two flat surfaces, with small shifting movement like the carpal bones
71
Pivot joint
designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone
72
What are the 3 planes of movement and what is their actions
Saggital (Flexion and extension)
Frontal or coronal (Adduction and abduction)
Transverse or horizontal (Rotation)
73
what is the opposite of cranial
Caudal
74
What is the opposite of Caudal
Cranial
75
What is the opposite of Dorsal
Ventral
76
What is the opposite of ventral
Dorsal
77
What is the opposite of distal
Proximal
78
What is the opposite of proximal
Distal
79
What is the opposite of medial
Lateral
80
What is the opposite of lateral
Medial
81
Name all the bones that make up the upper extremity
clavicle, humerous, radius, ulna, scapula, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges
82
Name all the bones that make the lower extremity
pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
83
What position are your joints in while your in the anatomical position
Extension
84
What position are your joints in in the fetal position
Flexion
85
Name 3 functional joints
synarthrotic
Diarthrotic
Amphiarthrotic
86
Name 3 structural joints
synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous
87
Name all 6 synovial joints
```
Ball & socket
hinge (ginglymus)
ellipsoid (condyloid)
gliding (plane)
pivot (trochoid)
saddle (seller)
```
88
Name 2 spots you would find elastic cartilage
Ears & Epiglottis
89
What bones are in the axial skeleton
skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and hyoid bone
90
what are the bones in the appendicular skeleton
clavicle, scapula, humerous, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
Pelvis (hips), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
91
What joint type is the most abundant in the body
Gliding joint
92
What is another name for the gliding joint
Plane
93
What is another name for a hinge joint
Ginglymus
94
What is another name for a pivot joint
Trochoid
95
What is another name for an ellipsoid joint
Condyloid
96
What is another name for a saddle joint
Seller
97
What plane does rotation happen
Transverse Plane
98
What plane does Flexion and Extension correlate with
Saggital plane
99
what plane correlates with with Abduction and Adduction
frontal (coronal) Plane
100
Fascia
Band or sheet of connective tissue
