11 Ag Science Flashcards
(28 cards)
True or False? .001, H+, pH 3
True - .001 ___1___
10x10x10
10 to the power of -3 = pH3 H+ ions
Ethylene
Ripening of fruit, release of dormancy, stimulate shoot root growth, stimulate leaf abscission
Cytokinin’s
controls major growth periods of the plant, linked to ethylene to control abscission of flowers, leaves and fruits
Stigma
Female part of flower, top of pollen receptacle, becomes style, leads to ovary
Pistil
Female collective parts of flower
Anther/Filament
Pollen producers stamen
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Structure Soil
Percentage of Sand, Silt, Clay
Nitrogen
Macro - involved in cell function division, protein synthesis, photosynthesis transfer of energy
Epigeal Germination
cotyledons pushed above soil line until provide energy until photosynthesis takes over
Heritability
P = G + E
30% Genetics
70% Environment
Sperm morphology
Motility
LDR
Misshapen
Numbers
Environment/Management
Can influence phenotype e.g. supplementary feeding, shade, temperature control, vaccination, irrigation, windbreak
Protein
Crude Protein
NPN (non protein nitrogen)
‘Trumpeter’
Gonadotrophin release, controlled by Hypothalamus
Name the key player in ruminant protein digestion
Rumen microbes are the key player in protein digestion as they serve a key role in breaking down proteins and other nutrients in the rumen.
Explain the differences in the anatomy of a monogastric animal compared to a ruminant
Monogastric - one stomach
Ruminant - four compartments and one true stomach - ABOMASUM
The rumen is a fermentation tank. Explain the design/operation of this tank
The rumen is the main fermentation chamber in ruminant animals, where microbes break down fibrous plant material into VFA’s. It operates under anaerobic conditions, aided by saliva’s buffering capacity to maintain pH balance. VFAs are absorbed through the rumen wall and serve as a major energy source. Rumen contractions mix contents for efficient fermentation. This process not only provides energy but also synthesizes microbial protein and essential nutrients, crucial for the animal’s nutrition and health.
NaHCO3
Sodium Bicarbonate
- Buffering: It can serve as a buffering agent in irrigation water to prevent large fluctuations in pH that could harm crops.
- Livestock Feed: It is sometimes used as a feed additive for livestock to help maintain proper pH balance in the digestive system.
The ‘Bomb Calorimeter’ what does this measure
Measures the calorific value or heat of combustion of a substance. Specifically, it determines the amount of heat released when a substance is completely burned in an oxygen-rich environment.
Calories/Kilojoules
Calories (kcal) measure energy in nutrition, while kilojoules (kJ) are the SI unit of energy used in scientific contexts. One kilocalorie (kcal) equals approximately 4.184 kilojoules (kJ). Both units are crucial for understanding food energy and are commonly used in food labelling and dietary recommendations.
Protein Digestion
When protein is digested it is broken down into peptides (short chains amino acids) which then becomes NH4+ and NH3-
Two types of protein
Non protein nitrogen
Crude protein
Crude protein
Protein that needs to be broken down to a usable form
