1.1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

All elements are made up of…

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

3 types of sub-atomic particle and their charges.

Answer 2

Protons +1
Electrons -1
Neutrons 0

Question 3

Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the….

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

Mass number

Answer 4

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 5

Atomic (proton) number

Answer 5

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atoms.

Question 6

All atoms of the same element have the same number of….

Answer 6

protons

Question 7

Atoms form ions by….

Answer 7

Gaining or losing electrons.

Question 8

What is an isotope?

Answer 8

Atoms with the same number of proton but a different number of neutrons.

Question 9

What is Dalton’s model

Answer 9

Atoms are solid spheres and different spheres make up different elements

Question 10

What is Thomson’s model?

Answer 10

Atoms were a large positively charged ‘pudding’ with electrons stuck on them.

Question 11

What is Rutherford’s model?

Answer 11

A tiny positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons. Most of the atom is empty space.

Question 12

What is Bohr’s model?

Answer 12

Electrons exist in fixed orbits or shells.
Each shell has a fixed energy.
When an electron moves between shell radiation is absorbed or emitted.
The radiation will have a fixed frequency.

Question 13

What is Ar

Answer 13

Relative atomic mass - the average mass of an element on a scale where carbon 12 is exactly 12

Question 14

What is relative isotopic mass

Answer 14

The mass of an atom of an isotope on a scale where carbon 12 is exactly 12

Question 15

What is Mr

Answer 15

Relative molecular mass - the average mass of a molecule on a scale where carbon 12 is exactly 12.

Question 16

How do you find the Mr of a molecule.

Answer 16

Add up all the Ar values for all the elements in the molecule

Question 17

Calculate the Mr of C2H6O

Answer 17

(2x12.0) + (6x1.0) + (1x16.0) = 46.0

Question 18

What is relative formula mass

Answer 18

The average mass of a formula unit on a scale where an atom of carbon 12 is exactly 12

Question 19

Calculate the relative formula mass od CaF2

Answer 19

40.1 + (2x19.0) = 78.1

Question 20

Describe how a mass spectrometer works.

Answer 20

Ionisation - Sample is dissolved in a polar solvent and pushed through a nozzel at high pressure with a high voltage applied causing the particles to lose an electron.
Acceleration - Positive ions are accelerated by an electric field. Ions with a lower masses are accelerated more than heavier ones
Ion drift - Ions enter a region with non electric field. Those which are heavier drift slower
Detection - Ions hit a detector plate where they gain an electron producing a current. The strength of this current shows relative abundance.

Question 21

The further a shell is from the nucleus…

Answer 21

the higher it energy level

Question 22

Shells are divided up into

Answer 22

Sub-shells

Question 23

What are the names of each sub-shell

Answer 23

s,p,d,f

Question 24

What are orbitals

Answer 24

Regions where there is a 95% chance of finding an electron. Each orbital can contain up to 2 electrons.

Question 25

How many electrons can the s level hold?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

How many electrons can the p level hold?

Answer 26

6

Question 27

How many electrons can the d level hold?

Answer 27

10

Question 28

How many electrons can the f level hold?

Answer 28

14

Question 29

What sub-shells does the 1st shell contain?

Answer 29

s

Question 30

What sub-shells does the 2nd shell contain?

Answer 30

s,p

Question 31

What sub-shells does the 3rd shell contain?

Answer 31

s,p,d

Question 32

What sub-shells does the 4th shell contain?

Answer 32

s,p,d,f

Question 33

Electron configuration rules

Answer 33

1) electrons fill up the lowest energy level first 2) electrons fill orbitals in a sub-shell singly before they start sharing 3) for ions in the s and p blocks add or remove electrons from the highest occupied energy level

Question 34

What do copper and chromium do?

Answer 34

They donate one of their 4s electrons to the 3d sub shell

Question 35

Full configuration of copper

Answer 35

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1

Question 36

What is the s block

Answer 36

Group 1 and 2 elements

Question 37

What is the p block

Answer 37

group 5,6 and 7 elements

Question 38

What is the d block

Answer 38

Transition metals

Question 39

What is first ionisation energy

Answer 39

The energy required to remove 1 electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to from 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions

Question 40

What does it mean if there is a high first ionisation energy

Answer 40

There is high attraction between the electron and the nucleus.

Question 41

Factor affect first ionisation energy.

Answer 41

Nuclear charge - more protons increase that charge in the nucleus which increases attraction Distance from nucleus - Attraction decreases as distance increases Shielding - As the number of electrons between the outermost electron and nucleus increases the attraction decreases