11 Body Systems

Question 1

Name the 11 body systems

Answer 1

Skeletal, Reproductive, Nervous, Endocrine, Integumentary, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Urinary, Muscular, Lymphatic and Immune, Digestive

Question 2

Name the 4 basic tissues

Answer 2

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

Question 3

What are the 6 levels of structural organisation

Answer 3

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal

Question 4

What are the main structures of the integumentary system?

Answer 4

Epidermis - top layer of skin
Dermis-middle layer. Has hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Sweat glands. Nails. Sensory receptors
Hypodermis - Bottom layer

Question 5

What are the primary functions of the Epidermis?

Answer 5

Epidermis provides layer of protection between the outiside and deeper tissues. Produces vitamin D

Question 6

What are the primary functions of the Dermis?

Answer 6

Hair- hair provides protection and have sensation. Sebaceous glands secret lubricant to hair shaft
Sweat glands- help thermoregulation
Nails- stiffen and protect digits
Sensory receptors- detect sensations eg. temperature, touch, pain

Question 7

What are the primary functions of the Hypodermis?

Answer 7

Fat storage

Question 8

What are the main structures of the muscular system?

Answer 8

Skeletal muscle, axial muscles, appendicular muscle, tendons, aponeuroses

Question 9

What are the primary functions of skeletal muscles

Answer 9

The skeletal muscles control skeletal movement, control entries and exits, produce heat, protect soft tissue, support skeleton

Question 10

What are the primary functions of the axial muscles

Answer 10

Provide support and positioning of the axial sleleton

Question 11

What is the primary function of the appendicular muscles

Answer 11

Support and move limbs

Question 12

Describe the function and shape of tendons and aponeuroses

Answer 12

Tendons are rope-like connections between muscle and bone
Aponeuroses are sheet-like connections between muscle and bone

Question 13

What are the main structures of the skeletal system?

Answer 13

Cartilage and joints, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, bones and bone marrow (red + yellow)

Question 14

What are the primary functions of the axial skeleton

Answer 14

Protects brain, spinal cord, organs and soft tissues. Supports weight of lower limbs

Question 15

What are the primary functions of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 15

Support and position of external limbs

Question 16

What are the primary functions of bones and bone marrow (red + yellow)

Answer 16

Bones store minerals.
Red marrow has RBC production (flat bones)
Yellow marrow has fat stores (long bones)

Question 17

Name the structures of the Nervous system

Answer 17

Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system and special senses

Question 18

What are the primary functions of the central nervous system?

Answer 18

The brain. Complex integrative activities (voluntary and involuntary)
The spinal cord. Relay channel. Less complex integrative activities
Special senses. Sight, optic nerve

Question 19

What are the primary functions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 19

Sends information around the body to the CNS.
special senses, smell, taste, hear

Question 20

Name the structures of the endocrine system and their location within the body

Answer 20

Brain- pineal gland, hypothalamus/pituitary gland
Neck- thyroid gland, parathyroid gland
Sternum- thymus
Kidneys- adrenal gland
Pancreas
Gonads

Question 21

What are the primary functions of the pineal, hypothalamus/ pituitary gland?

Answer 21

Pineal- influences day/ night rhythm
Hypothalamus/pituitary- secret several hormones which influence other endocrine glands

Question 22

What are the primary functions of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

Answer 22

Thyroid- secrets thyroxine, response for metabolic rate
Parathyroid- controls calcium levels

Question 23

What are the primary functions of the thymus? (Endocrine)

Answer 23

The thymus supports maturation of lymphocytes

Question 24

What are the primary functions of the adrenal glands and kidneys

Answer 24

Adrenal glands- secret several hormones eg. adrenaline, and cortisol
Kidneys- produce RBC, rise BP and control calcium levels

Question 25

What are the primary functions of the pancreas and gonads?

Answer 25

Pancreas- secrets insulin to control glucose levels Gonads- secrets hormones for sexual characteristics

Question 26

What is the main structures of the lymphatic system?

Answer 26

Lymphatic vessels, lymphatic fluid, B & T cells, Spleen, thymus

Question 27

What is the primary function of lympathic vessels and lymphatic fluid

Answer 27

Lympathic vessels- contactive vessels that carry lymph fluid and lymphocytes Lymph fluid- fluid from tissues, lipid from gut

Question 28

What are the primary functions of B&T cells, the thymus and the spleen? (Lympathic)

Answer 28

B&T cells- carry out immune responses Spleen- recycles RBC Thymus- controls T cell lymphocytes

Question 29

What are the main structures of the cardiovascular system

Answer 29

Heart Vessels- arteries, capillaries, veins Blood

Question 30

What are the primary functions of the heart and blood (cardiovascular)

Answer 30

Heart- pumps and circulates blood and maintains BP Blood- transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones. Removes waste. Thermoregulation, illness defence. Acid base balance

Question 31

What are the primary function of the blood vessels

Answer 31

Arteries- from heart to capillaries Capillaries- diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids Veins- return blood from capillaries to heart

Question 32

What are the main structures of the respiratory system?

Answer 32

Nasal cavity, paranasal sines us. Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lung, diaphragm

Question 33

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Answer 33

Filter and warm air. Detect smell

Question 34

What is the primary function of the pharynx and larynx?

Answer 34

Pharynx- conducts air to larynx Larynx- protects trachea and vocal cords

Question 35

What is the primary function of the trachea?

Answer 35

Cartilage pipe for air conduction to lungs

Question 36

What is the primary function of the bronchi and diaphragm?

Answer 36

Bronchi- conduct air between trachea and lungs Diaphragm- muscle control air movement

Question 37

What are the primary functions of the lungs

Answer 37

Air movement Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide Acid base control

Question 38

What are the main structures of the digestive system?

Answer 38

Oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine and anus.

Question 39

What are the primary functions of the oral cavity and salivary glands

Answer 39

Oral cavity- teeth and though break up food Salivary glands- secret lubricant and buffers. Enzymes begin digestion

Question 40

What are the primary functions of the pharynx, oesophagus and stomach

Answer 40

Pharynx- directs food and liquid to oesophagus Oesophagus- connects pharynx and stomach Stomach-secrets acid, enzymes and hormones

Question 41

What are the primary functions of the small intestine (digestive system)

Answer 41

Absorption of nutrients Digestive enzymes, buffers and hormones

Question 42

What are the primary functions of the liver (digestive system)

Answer 42

Produces bile Regulated nutrients in blood

Question 43

What are the primary function of the gallbladder (digestive system)

Answer 43

Concentrates bile

Question 44

What are the primary functions of the pancreas (digestive system)

Answer 44

Secrets digestive enzymes, buffers. Has endocrine cells

Question 45

What is the primary function of the large intestine and anus?

Answer 45

Remove water. Remove and store waste

Question 46

What are the main structures of the urinary system?

Answer 46

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 47

What are the primary functions of the kidneys (urinary system)?

Answer 47

Kidneys- form and concentrate urine, regulate pH and ions, control blood volume and BP. Endocrine function ( promotion of RBC)

Question 48

What are the primary functions of the ureter, bladder and urethra?

Answer 48

Ureter- conducts urine from kidneys to bladder Bladder- stores urine until elimination Urethra- conducts urine from bladder to exterior

Question 49

What are the main structures of the reproductive system (male)

Answer 49

Testes, accessory organs, external genitalia

Question 50

What are the main functions of the testes

Answer 50

Produce sperm and hormones

Question 51

What are the accessory organs

Answer 51

Epididymis ,ductus deferences,seminal glands, prostate gland, urethra.

Question 52

What are the male external genitalia ?

Answer 52

Penis, scrotum

Question 53

What are the main structures of the reproductive system (female)

Answer 53

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina/external genetalia, mammary glands

Question 54

What are the main functions of the ovaries and uterine tubes

Answer 54

Ovaries- produce oocytes and hormones Uterine tubes- oocytes delivery, fertilisation location

Question 55

What are the primary functions of the uterus and mammary glands?

Answer 55

Uterus- embryonic development Mammary glands- nutrition for new borns. Also sweat glands

Question 56

What are the main functions of the vagina/ external genitalia?

Answer 56

Lubrication, sperm reception, birth canal