1.1 - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What does myogenic mean?

Answer 1

Ability of heart to generate its own impulse

Question 2

Order of conduction system? X7

Answer 2

-SAN
-Atrial systole
-AVN
-Bundle of his
-Bundle branches
-Purkinje fibres
-ventricular systole

Question 3

What does SAN do?

Answer 3

Starts impulse

Question 4

What does AVN do?

Answer 4

Delays impulse for 0.1s to allow atria to fully contract

Question 5

What do purkinje fibres do?

Answer 5

Cause ventricles to contract

Question 6

What does sympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 6

Stimulates heart rate to increase

Question 7

What does parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 7

Reduces heart rate to resting level

Question 8

What is nervous system controlled by?

Answer 8

Cardiac control centre in medulla oblongata

Question 9

What do chemoreceptors do?

Answer 9

Detect increase in CO2 and increases HR

Question 10

What do baroreceptors do if increase in atrial pressure?

Answer 10

Baroreceptors detect stretch and decreases HR

Question 11

What do baroreceptors do if decrease in atrial pressure?

Answer 11

Baroreceptors detect decrease in stretch and increases HR

Question 12

What do proprioreceptors do?

Answer 12

Detect increase in muscle movement and increases HR

Question 13

what is stroke volume?

Answer 13

amount of blood pumped out the ventricles per contraction

Question 14

What is cardiac output?

Answer 14

amount of blood pumped out of ventricles per minute

Question 15

What is venous return?

Answer 15

Return of blood to right side of the heart through the vena cava

Question 16

Factors affecting stroke volume? x2

Answer 16

-Venous return
-Elasticity of cardiac fibres

Question 17

What is starlings law?

Answer 17

Greater the venous return and force of contraction, greater the stroke volume

Question 18

What is the average HR?

Answer 18

72 BPM

Question 19

How to work out max HR?

Answer 19

220-age

Question 20

What is anticipatory rise?

Answer 20

Increase in HR due to adrenaline before exercise

Question 21

What is Bradycardia?

Answer 21

Decrease in resting HR to below 60bpm

Question 22

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 22

process where arteries narrow due to fatty deposit

Question 23

What is atheroma?

Answer 23

Fatty deposit in arteries

Question 24

What is Angina?

Answer 24

Chest pain when blood supply through coronary arteries is restricted

Question 25

Types of cholesterol? x2

Answer 25

-LDL HDL

Question 26

What is type of cholesterol is LDL?

Answer 26

bad cholesterol

Question 27

What type of cholesterol is HDL?

Answer 27

good cholesterol

Question 28

What does LDL do?

Answer 28

Transport cholesterol in blood to tissues

Question 29

What does HDL do?

Answer 29

Transports excess cholesterol in blood to liver to be broken down

Question 30

How does exercise affect cholesterol? x2

Answer 30

-decreases LDL -increases HDL

Question 31

What is a stroke?

Answer 31

Blood supply cut off to brain

Question 32

Types of stroke? x2

Answer 32

-Ischaemic stroke -Haemorrhagic stroke

Question 33

What is an ischaemic stroke?

Answer 33

Blood clot stops blood supply

Question 34

What is an haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 34

Blood vessel bursts

Question 35

What is cardiovascular drift?

Answer 35

When Hr gradually increases and stroke volume gradually decrease during prolonged exercise

Question 36

Why does cardiovascular drift happen?

Answer 36

plasma is lost through sweat so venous return and stroke volume decrease and HR increase to compensate

Question 37

two types of circulation? x2

Answer 37

-pulmonary -systematic

Question 38

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 38

blood to lungs and back o heart

Question 39

What is systematic circulation?

Answer 39

blood to body and back to heart

Question 40

Features of vein? x4

Answer 40

-thin walls -valves -wide lumen -low pressure

Question 41

Features of arteries? x3

Answer 41

-elastic muscular outer layer -small lumen -high pressure

Question 42

Features of capillaries? x1

Answer 42

-thin walls (1 cell thick)

Question 43

What is blood pressure?

Answer 43

force exerted by blood against blood vessel wall

Question 44

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 44

pressure in arteries when ventricles contract

Question 45

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 45

pressure in arteries when ventricles relax

Question 46

What are the venous return mechanisms? x3

Answer 46

-Skeletal muscles pump -respiratory pump -pocket valves

Question 47

Function of skeletal muscle pump?

Answer 47

muscles changes shape when contracting and relaxing which compresses vein and pushes blood towards heart

Question 48

Function of respiratory pump?

Answer 48

pressure changes happen in thoracic and abdominal cavities when muscles contract and relax when breathing and compress vein to push blood towards heart

Question 49

Function of pocket valves?

Answer 49

prevent back flow of blood

Question 50

What is oxyhaemoglobin dissociation?

Answer 50

release of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin

Question 51

What is myoglobin?

Answer 51

where oxygen is stored in muscles

Question 52

Features of myoglobin x1

Answer 52

high affinity

Question 53

factors that increase oxyhaemoglobin dissociation (bohr shift)? x3

Answer 53

-increase temperature -increase CO2 -increase acidity

Question 54

What is redistribution of important for? X4

Answer 54

-increase O2 to muscles -remove waste products - regulate body temperature -increase O2 to heart

Question 55

What is arterio venous difference?

Answer 55

Difference in oxygen in arterial blood arriving at muscles and venous blood leaving the muscles