1.1 changing political environment 1917-33 Flashcards
(28 cards)
President Harding Challenges/boosts ideas and policies and popularity
1921-1923 changing presidency
-rebuild post war economic depression that caused bombings strikes unemployment rose from 950,000 (19) to 5,010000 (21)
-return to normalcy isolationist foreign policy present staying out of peoples lives use of tariffs on foreign goods boost US industry and reduce taxation ‘less governement in business and more business in government’ promoted radios capped immigrant numbers allowed ‘hire purchase’ didn’t join League of Nations. friends were corrupt but had a economic boom radio meant easier messages
president Coolidge Challenges/boosts ideas and policies and popularity
1923-9 changing presidency
-economic recovery started to happen
-laissez faire approach stayed out of things didn’t regulate businesses or involved in support for poor seemed republicanism was working
president hoover
1929-33 changing presidency
-his early ‘rugged individualism’ developed into recognition of need for ‘social responsibility’ , generating public debate over whether community or federal government was responsible
president Wilson
1913-21 changing presidency
-greater interventionism at home and abroad
influences on political landscape
-progressivism
-war led to interventionism
-took USA into WW1 after trying to stay out of it wanted to join League of Nations many disliked domineering presidential style
define American dream
belief that the nature of US society enables an individual to fulfil his or hers potential especially through wealth
define rugged individualism
belief that individuals can and succeed by their own efforts rather than through government aid
define capitalism
economic system under which theoretically there should be no government intervention to interfere with the free market
define laissez - faire
influential ideology in 19th century America characterised by opposition to government intervention in the economy and society
define progressives
American reformers in the late 19th and early 20th century who sought government action to deal with political corruption and economic and social problems there were progressives amougst both republication and democratics parties and a short lived progressive party 1912-18
define prohibition
from 1920-33 it was illegal to manufacture and sell alcohol in the United States
define red scare
period of hysterical American anti-communism the first was after the Russian revolution of 1917 the second was late 1940’s and early 1950’s
define voluntarism
idea favoured by hoover that individuals businesses and state governments should handle problems such as the Great Depression through their voluntary cooperation and efforts
define communism
political ideology based upon the belief that economic equality should be brought about by the revolutionary redistribution of wealth following the takeover of society by working class
define anarchist
one who disapproves of the accepted forms of government and is willing to use violence to be rid of them
define protectionist
the favouring of economic policies such as tariffs that make foreign imports dearer and thereby help domestic industry
define socialist
believers in a political philosophy that favours more equal distribution of wealth than is attained under pure capitalism
define isolationism
term used to describe US foreign policy and opinion during 1920-1930 when there was a frequently hostile reaction to suggestions of interaction with other countries that would place some limitation or obligation on the US
what impact did the first world war have 1917
-return to normalcy WASP returning the pre war lifestyle this meant removing current economic problems unemployment rose from 950,000 in 19 to 5,010,000 in 21 protest strikes and riots. People wanted stable life which harding proposed could be achieved by the introduction of tariffs to protect US industries and by reducing taxation and reducing government budget
-isolationism USA not entangled in worldwide affairs not joining League of Nations 1921 reduced number of immigrants to 375,000 a year and neutrality acts that restricted help USA could give to help other countries
-Fordney McCumber Tarrif act encouraged people to buy America consumerism propersed as consumerism did this meant hire purchase came about buying good on credit contributing the to early comic boom.
how did presidency change 1917-33
Woodrow wilson quickly became unpopular when he took USA into WW1 which wasn’t successful despite campaigning not to do this he didn’t consult congress about promoting League of Nations. He was involved in law-making this was an unwelcome change.
appeal of republicanism
hardings Logan ‘ less government in business and more business in government ‘ which encapsulated the laissez faire approach but at end of presidency made administration corrupt. Coolidge USA entered a era of prosperity and recovery signs that republlicism was working
hoover took over growing ecomonic depression he promised to eliminate poverty encourage equality and restore economy.
1917- 33 what influenced the political landscape
first red scare
1919-20 new communist ideology shockwaves spread crossed world especially USA. Workers went on strike in 1919 3600 strikes feb 6 60000 on strike when wages didn’t improve the communist party of America and communist Labour Party of America was formed was formed. anarchists wanted to overthrow government and distributed pamphlets. led to conspiracy of communism spreading and red hunting emerged. people were suspected to be left win. emergence of Ku Klux Klan targeted ‘unamericans’ 556 deported
1917-33 what influenced political environment rugged individualism
- People who could look after themselves would make their own way in the world and prosper they believed even poor and homeless were weakened by government snapped self-resilance government shouldn’t interfere with regulating working conditions or bank interests or mortgages.
1917-33 what influenced political environment. Great Depression
underlying problems with the ‘boom’ combined with out-of-control share trading triggered Wall Street crash unemployment soared people lost their homes banks and businesses people thought wouldn’t last long as WW1 bust only lasted 18 months laissez faire approach continued
1917-33 what influenced political environment. decline of republicanism
- hoover created federal farm board to support farmers who struggled selling goods due to isolationist tariffs
-Hoover upkeep his laser-faire approach advocated that charities were the answer
-1930 emergency committee to find work projects overwhelmingly popular encouraged businesses to do same
-relised federal help was needed asked congress to pass laws those that were passed led to more debt
-government received 2000 million and spend 5000 million
1917-33 what influenced political environment. Bonus army
-Government agreed to pay bonus calculated on years on service to war veterans
-owed 50 dollars
-when depression hit some were homeless and unemployed wanted their money and were refused
-in 1932 between 150,000 to 200,000 marched on the White House
-police used tear gas and bayonets to disperse crowd this made hoover extremely unpopular in their treatment
