1.1 classification of materials

Question 1

what are all textile fibres made from

Answer 1

long chain molecules ( polymers )

Question 2

what are the main sources of fibres

Answer 2

natural cellulose, natural protein, manufactured ( regenerated ) and synthetic fibres

Question 3

what is a polymer

Answer 3

a long chain of molecules made up of fibre forming atoms that are linked together

Question 4

what are regenerated fibres

Answer 4

a fibre made from natural cellulose that has been chemically modified

Question 5

what are synthetic fibres

Answer 5

a fibre made entirely from synthetic polymers based on petrochemicals

Question 6

what are the classifications of natural fibres

Answer 6

• natural plant fibres
• natural animal fibres
• natural animal hair fibres

Question 7

what are examples of natural plant fibres

Answer 7

cotton, linen and ramie

Question 8

what are examples of natural animal fibres

Answer 8

wool and silk

Question 9

what are examples of natural animal hair fibres

Answer 9

cashmere, mohair and angora

Question 10

what are the classifications of manufactured cellulosic regenerated fibres

Answer 10

• regenerated fibres
• new generation lyocell fibres

Question 11

what are examples of regenerated fibres

Answer 11

• viscose made from wood pulp
• acetate made from cotton waste

Question 12

why are new generation lyocell fibres more environmentally friendly then regenerated fibres

Answer 12

because the cellulose is harvested from sustainably grown trees and some of the fibres are produced using a closed loop system that reuses the chemicals needed to modify the cellulose

Question 13

what are examples of new generation lyocell fibres

Answer 13

modal and lyocell ( eg. tencel )

Question 14

what are the classifications of synthetic fibres

Answer 14

• polyamides
• polyesters
• polyacrylic
• elastomeric fibres
• chlorofibres and fluorofibres

Question 15

what are examples of polyamides

Answer 15

• polyamide ( nylon ), tactel and supplex
• aramid fibres eg. kevlar and nomex which have been developed from polyamide fibres to have high performance technical properties

Question 16

what are examples of polyesters

Answer 16

polyester, trevira and polartec

Question 17

what are examples of polyacrylic

Answer 17

acrylic

Question 18

what are elastomeric fibres made from

Answer 18

synthetic polymers with the physical property of elasticity. only small amounts are needed to give lots of stretch. the fibres form the core of corespun yarns used to produce stretch yarn and woven stretch fabrics

Question 19

what are examples of elastomeric fibres

Answer 19

elastane eg. lycra and spandex

Question 20

what are chlorofibres and fluorofibres

Answer 20

manmade synthetic polymers, mostly used as coatings on textiles. coatings involve applying a layer of polymer to the surface of a fabric to make it stain resistant, water repellent and breathable

Question 21

what are examples of chlorofibres and fluorofibres

Answer 21

• chlorofibres: polyvinyl chloride
• fluorofibres: teflon

Question 22

what is the classification of manufactured inorganic fibres

Answer 22

inorganic fibres

Question 23

how are inorganic fibres created

Answer 23

from natural elements which after processing at high temperatures are transformed into fibres

Question 24

what are examples of inorganic fibres

Answer 24

glass, carbon, metallic and ceramic

Question 25

what are smart materials

Answer 25

materials that react to external stimuli/changes in the environment without human intervention. once the stimuli/change is removed the material reverts back to its original form

Question 26

what are examples of smart materials

Answer 26

- reactive materials - photochromic dyes - phase changing materials

Question 27

what are reactive materials

Answer 27

materials that respond to changes such as loss of heat or levels of air pollution

Question 28

what are photochromic dyes

Answer 28

dyes that respond to changes in UV light

Question 29

what is an example of a phase changing materials

Answer 29

outlast - a smart fabric used in performance wear which has the ability to absorb, store and release body heat to regulate a persons microclimate

Question 30

what are modern materials

Answer 30

new materials that have beeb developed through the invention of new or improved processes

Question 31

why are modern materials not smart materials

Answer 31

because they dont react to external stimuli/change however they are sometimes referred to as technical textiles

Question 32

what are examples of modern materials

Answer 32

- microfibres - microencapsulated fibres and fabrics - nano fibres

Question 33

what are microfibres

Answer 33

extremely fine fibres eg. tactel

Question 34

what are microencapsulated fibres and fabrics

Answer 34

microcapsules with beneficial or cosmetic chemicals embedded which are casually released by rubbing

Question 35

what are nano fibres

Answer 35

fibres that are significantly finer than microfibres, recent developments include self cleaning and UV protection properties