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11 Plus Comprehension Glossary > 11+ Comprehension Glossary > Flashcards

11+ Comprehension Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Abbreviation

A

When a word or a phrase is shortened e.g January becomes Jan

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2
Q

Active voice

A

The subject of the sentence is doing and object of the sentence is having it done to them - the boy kicked the ball

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3
Q

Adjectives

A

Tell us more about a noun e.g the sweet sticky cake

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4
Q

Adverb

A

They tell us more about a verb. They tell us how, when or where something is done - the girl skipped quickly. Adverbs quite often end in the letters ly.

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5
Q

Alliteration

A

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words - Phil phoned Freya.

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6
Q

Acronym

A

An abbreviation made from the initial letters of a word - NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

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7
Q

Ambiguity

A

Where a sentence could have more than one meaning - “Jaws is about a man eating shark” or “Jaws is about a man-eating shark” correct punctuation resolves ambiguity.

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8
Q

Analogy

A

Is wherln we compare two things to each other based on a relationship they share - cold is to hot as young is to old. Here the relationship is based on opposites.

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9
Q

Antonym

A

A word that had the exact opposite meaning - e.g. arrive/depart.

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10
Q

Assonance

A

The repetition of vowel sounds within words - he fell asleep under the cherry tree - uses repetition of the long “ee” sound

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11
Q

Bullet points

A

Used to make a list
- eggs
- flour
- milk

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12
Q

Clause

A

A group of words with a verb

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13
Q

Cliche

A

Is an expression that has become so overused it has lost its meaning - e.g. “you can’t judge a book by it’s cover”

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14
Q

Connectives

A

A conjunction (see other flashcards)

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15
Q

Conjunctions

A

Link two words or phrases - Milo loves football BUT harry hates it

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16
Q

Context

A

The situation in which something occurs

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17
Q

Definite article

A

The word “the”

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18
Q

Description

A

A statement that gives details about something or someone

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19
Q

Determiners

A

The words “a” “an” and “the”.

(Also called articles)

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20
Q

Dialogue

A

Conversation between two or more people

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21
Q

Direct speech

A

Is where the exact words spoken are written in speech marks

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22
Q

Ellipsis

A

Three dots in a row…
Used to show when something has been left out or a unfinished statement or a slight pause

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23
Q

Exaggeration

A

When you describe something and make it more that it is - “I’ve heard that a million times!”

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24
Q

Fable

A

A short story conveying a moral e.g The Tortoise & The Hare.

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25
Formal writing
Using standard language
26
Homonym
Words that have the same spelling but different meanings e.g Pen (a small writing instrument or an area for keeping animals)
27
Homophone
Words that aren't spelt the same but have the same sounds e.g One and Won
28
Indefinite article
"A" or "An". Also known as determiners
29
Idiom
An expression that isn't meant to be taken literally but has a different figurative meaning - if you say someone has cold feet it may mean they are nervous about something.
30
Informal writing
Used when writing a letter to a friend etc. It is much more relaxed than formal writing.
31
Irony
Using language that expresses the opposite e.g. If it was a cold and rainy day, you may say "what a beautiful day!" or if you were in hospital, you may say with irony, "I feel great today"
32
Main clause
A clause that makes sense as a sentence
33
Metaphor
A word or phrase used to describe something as if it was something else - a wave of terror washed over him
34
Myth
A traditional story quite often involving the early history of people
35
Noun - common noun
Nouns for people, animals and objects
36
Nouns - proper noun
Nouns that name particular things - they begin with a capital letter
37
Nouns - collective noun
A noun that refers to a group of things as a whole e.g a shoal of fish
38
Object
The object of the sentence is the person/thing having an action done to it e.g the cat sat on the MAT
39
Omission
Leaving words out
40
Onomatopoeia
Is a word that phonetically suggests the sound it describes e.g the tick stock of a clock
41
Parenthesis/Parentheses
Keeping a word, phrase or clause separate from the rest of the sentence using commas, hyphens or brackets - my brother, short but very strong, stopped the thieves getting away.
42
Passive voice
When the subject isn't carrying out the action but is having it done to them by someone/something else
43
Persuasive writing
This is text written to make the reader do something
44
Prefix
A string of letters added to the front of a root word to change it's meaning e.g correct/incorrect (IN is the prefix)
45
Preposition
Show the relationship between nouns and pronouns. The can show position according to place or time e.g t The girl put the hat ON the snowman My mum clapped AFTER the performance
46
Pronouns - personal
Take the place of the noun once it has already been mentioned, such as I, me, you, he
47
Pronouns - relative
The words: who, which, that and whose They introduce a relative clause
48
Pronouns - possessive
A word to show ownership - yours, hers
49
Pronouns - demonstrative
Are used to refer to objects or people that have already been mentioned E.g I don't usually like flowers, but I love THESE
50
Proverbs
A proverb is a traditional saying that people often quote when giving you advice - "it's no use locking the stable door after the horse has bolted"
51
Phrase
A group of words that work together without a verb - the black dog
52
Pseudonyms
A fictitious name. Quite often authors write using a ficticious name. Dr seuss is actually Theodor Geisel!
53
Quotation
A group of words copied from a text. If you copy some words from a story without changing the words you are using a quotation. Quotations should be put in quotation marks.
54
Relative clause
A subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun
55
Reported speech
Also called indirect speech. When the general points of what someone has said are written out. The opposite of direct speech.
56
Root word
A word without a suffix or prefix
57
Suffix
A string of letters added to the end of a root word to change it's meaning - ambition can become ambitious
58
Verbs - modal verbs
Verbs that show possibility or likelihood - John MAY play football this Saturday and if he does he COULD be made team captain.
59
Sentence types - Statement
A sentence that gives information
60
Sentence types - question
A sentence that asks something - it ends with a "?"
61
Sentence types - exclamation
A string sentence that shows surprise, shock, pain or a warning. It ends with "!"
62
Sentence types - command
A sentence that gives an order
63
Sentence types - simple sentence
Has a subject and a verb - Joe waited for the train
64
Sentence types - compound sentence
A sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semi-colon or conjunction -the dog came rushing in, so the cat ran upstairs
65
Sentence types - complex sentence
Has an independent clause and at least one dependent clause - Helen returned the computer after she noticed it was damaged
66
Simile
Used to compare two things directly and often uses the word AS or LIKE - the snow is like a white blanket
67
Subject
The person/thing that performs the verb - the CAT sat on the mat
68
Subordinate clause
A clause which depends on the main clause to make sense
69
Synonym
A word which has an exact or very similar meaning E.g necessary and essential
70
Thesaurus
A book of words and their synonyms
71
Title
The name of a book or piece of written work
72
Autobiography
When someone writes about their own life
73
Biography
A life history of someone, written by someone else.
74
Fiction
A story using made up events and people
75
Non-fiction
A story based on fact
76
Science fiction
A type of fiction that focuses in made up science

11 Plus Comprehension Glossary (1 decks)

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