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BC Remote First Aid > 11 Environmental Injuries Or Illnesses > Flashcards

11 Environmental Injuries Or Illnesses Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 types of heat illnesses.

A

Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke.

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2
Q

Describe heat cramps.

A

Skeletal muscles spasm

Likely due to fluid and salt loss from heavy sweating.

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3
Q

What are the two signs of heat cramps?

A

Muscle contractions usually in the legs and abdomen

Moist skin

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4
Q

3 steps to care for heat cramps:

A

Rest in cool area and drink fluids
Gently stretch and massage cramped muscle
Avoid activity

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5
Q

What are the skin signs differences for heat exhaustion and heat stroke? Serious capitalized.

A

E- moist, warm

S- Dry, Hot

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6
Q

What are the physical signs differences for heat exhaustion and heat stroke? Serious capitalized.

A

E- headache, weakness, exhaustion, Nausea, Vomity, Fainting

S- Seizures, Coma, Severe headache

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7
Q

What are the mental signs differences for heat exhaustion and heat stroke? Serious capitalized.

A

E- Anxiety, Dizziness

S- Altered behaviour, Irritable, Aggressive, Bizarre

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8
Q

What are the breathing signs differences for heat exhaustion and heat stroke? Serious capitalized.

A

E-normal

S-Rapid, Shallow

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9
Q

Care for heat exhaustion (3+2)

A 
Remove from heat
Loosen clothing
Do not dry skin
*Pour water on torso
*Fan skin
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10
Q

Care for heat stroke (3+4)

A 
Remove from heat
Loosen clothing
Do not dry skin
*Immerse body in cool water
*Immerse forearms in cool water
*Pour water on torso
*Fan skin
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11
Q

Other techniques for cooling the body:

A

Ice packs in cloth placed in armpit, groin, back of neck.

Cool drink

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12
Q

What is normal body temperature?

A

37C or 98.6F

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13
Q

What are frost nip and frost bite?

A

Nip is frozen skin

Bite is tissue under skin freezes.

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14
Q

When should you warm a frost nip/bite area?

A

Only when it can be kept from re-freezing.

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15
Q

Signs of frost nip/bite (4)

A

Pain, stinging, numbness
Paler skin
Burning, redness, pain, blisters after thawing
Cold, hard skin, discoloured and waxy

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16
Q

Frost nip/bite care (6)

A

Remove anything that restricts blood flow.
Warm using bey heat or warm water 38-40C.
Rehydrate with warm sugary drinks.
Ibuprofen is safe.
Protect area with loose dressings.
Elevate above heart.

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17
Q

Common types of NFCI?

A

Immersion foot or trench foot.

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18
Q

Signs of NFCI?

A

Reduced sensitivity
Blanched, yellow, white, mottled appearance
Numbness, unsteady gait
Capillaries in nail beds slow to refill
Cold skin
Possible swelling
Afterwards- hot red skin, burning/throbbing, swelling, sensitivity to cold

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19
Q

Care for NCFI/ (2)

A

Remove person from cold exposure

Elevate and keep cool.

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20
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

Body core temperature dips below 35C

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21
Q

Care for hypothermia?

A

Assess responsiveness/ movement/ shivering/ alertness.

Provide care based on assessment.

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22
Q

4 levels of hypothermia.

A

Cold stressed, not hypothermic- responsive, slight movement issue, shivering, alert
Mild hypothermia- responsive, impaired movement, shivering, alert
Moderate hypothermia- responsive, impaired movement, shivering low or none, not alert
Severe hypothermia- cold and unresponsive

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23
Q

Treatment for cold stressed, not hypothermic:(3)

A

Reduce heat loss
High calorie food/drink
Exercise/movement

24
Q

Treatment for mild hypothermia (7)

A 
Handle gently
Sit or lie for 30 minutes 
Insulate/vapour barrier
Heat upper trunk
High calorie food/drink
Monitor for,30 minutes 
Evacuate if no improvement
25
Q

Treatment for moderate hypothermia (7)

A 
Handle gently
Keep,horizontal
No standing /walking
No food or drink
Insulate / vapour barrier 
Heat upper trunk
Evacuate carefully
26
Q

Treatment for severe hypothermia (4)

A

Treat as moderate
60 second breathing/pulse checks
Start CPR if no pulse/breathing
Evacuate carefully ASAP

27
Q

Describe hypothermic wrap (4);

A

Insulating material under torso
Dry clothing only on person (remove wet)
Lay person in wrap,with warm objects and diaper if nec.
Close wrap snugly.

28
Q

Moving a person in a hypothermic wrap:

A

Use rope stretcher without restricting breathing

29
Q

Frozen cornea:

A

Painful watery eyes, red/swollen lids
Use warm compress
Cover eyes for 24-48 hours

30
Q

Snow blindness:

A 
UV damage
Redness and swelling around eyes
Pain, itchiness or burning in eyes
Impaired vision
Go to dark place, cool damp cloths on eyes
31
Q

Skin frozen to metal:

A

Pour warm water on object and skin
Gently pull apart.
Treat bleeding as open wound

32
Q

Principles for crossing a stream:

A 
Face upstream
3 points of contact
Rope person downstream for safety
Unbuckle backpack waist belt
Do not cross if water above thighs
33
Q

Cold water immersion 4 stages:

A

Cold shock; gasp 1-2 minutes
Incapacitation; 5-10 minutespoor coordination and weakness
Hypothermia; 30 minutes
Circum-rescue collapse- fainting or cardiac arrest

34
Q

Describe the HELP system for self water rescue:

A

Heat Escape Lessening Position
Arms to armpits
Forearms across chest
Press thighs together and raise knees.

35
Q

Describe the HUDDLE method of group rescue:

A

Circle
Press thighs to each other
Wrap one arm below and one above each other
Keep children w/o PFD inside huddle

36
Q

Describe self rescue in breaking ice:

A 
Arms on ice
Get horizontal 
Kick and pull onto ice
Roll away before standing up
If exit fails, let arms freeze to ice
37
Q

Ice thickness guidelines:

A

15cm 1-2 people
20 cm group
25cm personal vehicles like snowmobiles
40cm - heavy vehicles

38
Q

4 principles of rescuing someone from the water:

A

Talk through self rescue
Throw rope or buoyant object
Reach with long rigid object
Don’t go unless you are trained

39
Q

3 steps to care for drowning victim:

A

Care for head/neck/spine
CPR if unresponsive
Once responsive place on their right side

40
Q

A responsive drowning person treatment:

A

Remove them from water without endangering self

Rescue as another person.

41
Q

What is high altitude illness.

A

When a person ascends too quickly.

high elevation and lower atmospheric pressure makes it hard for oxygen to enter the blood

42
Q

Acute mountain sickness.

A

A group of signs and symptoms caused by high altitude possibly leading to pulmonary or cerebral edema.

43
Q

Signs of acute mountain sickness

A

headache nausea vomiting fatigue dizziness difficulty sleeping.

44
Q

Other signs of acute mountain sickness

A

loss of appetite coughing tightness in chest irregular breathing shortness of breath reduced urine output swelling around eyes and face bluish cover color in nail beds and around mouth.

45
Q

What is high altitude cerebral edema bracket HACE bracket.

A

When a MS is left untreated it is a life-threatening condition in which fluid accumulates between the brain and skull symptoms develop 2 to 3 days after arriving at high altitude

46
Q

Signs of AMS worsening.

A

Loss of balance
lethargy
altered mental status
convulsions
unresponsive disturbance in vision
paralysis
seizures
hallucinations
blue skin
increase blood pressure decreased heart rate.

47
Q

Care for a MS Dash HACE.

A

Immediately to send to lower altitude use hyperbaric bag check and record vital signs regularly

48
Q

What is high altitude pulmonary edema HAPE.

A

When AMS is untreated it is a life-threatening condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs usually 1 to 4 days at high altitude.

49
Q

Signs and symptoms of HAPE.

A

Headache. Difficulty breathing at rest. Wheezing. Insomnia. Coughing spasms. Poor appetite. Aching chest. Fast pulse. Bluish skin. And more severe cases of HAPE signs. Extreme weakness. Lots of balance.

50
Q

Care for HAPE

A

stop doing activity keep warm. Immediately to send to lower altitude. Use portable hyperbaric bag bag. Check and a card vital signs regularly.

51
Q

What are the signs of decompression sickness.

A

Unresponsive. Blotchy rash. Dizziness. Disorientation. Coughing or shortness of breath. Paralysis or weakness. Personality changes. Severe joint pain. Itching numbness tingling. Fatigue. Blurred vision. Loss of bowel or bladder function. Lots of coordination. Tremors.

52
Q

When do you symptoms of decompression sickness appear.

A

15 minutes to 12 hours after surfacing

53
Q

Signs of arterial gas embolisms a GE.

A

Seizures. And responsive. Confusion. Headaches. Impaired vision. Respiratory arrest. Bloody froth in airway. Paralysis or weakness in limbs.

54
Q

Care for a GEN decompression.

A

Call divers allergic net work if properly trained keep person horizontal. Provide hundred percent oxygen at high flow. Start intervention intervention fusion of isotonic solution. Next get oxygen and hyperbaric chamber.

55
Q

During a lightning storm you should do watt.

A

Use 3030 rule between lightning and thunder. Seek shelter and remain there for 30 minutes after the last crack. Crouch down in Ravine or Valley or crouch with feet facing downhill grab knees. Avoid elevation metal objects tall objects. In a group space out several meters. Insulate self from ground using non-conductive material

56
Q

Signs of a lightning injury.

A

Cardiac arrest. Internal bleeding. Bruising. Fractures. Seizures. Difficulty hearing seeing. Confusion and dizziness. Headache and nausea. Electrical burns.

57
Q

Care for lightning injuries.

A

Check ABCs and begin CPR. Take spinal precautions. Look for entry and exit wounds and follow steps for electrical burns

BC Remote First Aid (17 decks)

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