1.1 Factors That Led To War

Question 1

How was Europe in the 20th century?

Answer 1

• in a state of prosperity, progressive economy and immense development in science and technology
• had more opportunities to improve living standards through education
• more health-conscious outlook and lifestyle

Question 2

What are the factors that led to war?

Answer 2

M.A.N.I.A.

• Militarism
• Alliances
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Assassination

Question 3

define Militarism

Answer 3

• a policy for glorifying military power
• promotes build-up of military power
• keeping a standing army ready for war

Question 4

how does militarism cause war?

Answer 4

• when one country builds up its military strength, so does another country
• military officials methodically created defense plans to attack during war

Question 5

define alliances

Answer 5

an agreement between two or more states for mutual benefit

Question 6

how did alliances cause war?

Answer 6

the division of Europe into two alliance systems

Question 7

define nationalism

Answer 7

• feeling of devotion and pride in one’s country

belief that people should be loyal mainly to their own nation

Question 8

what was the cause of rivalry between European nations?

Answer 8

competition for materials, markets, territorial disputes, etc.

Question 9

define imperialism

Answer 9

when a strong nation seeks to politically, economically and socially dominate other countries

Question 10

how did imperialism cause war?

Answer 10

• European countries fought for colonies in Asia and Africa
• they needed colonies as sources of raw materials and markets
• other countries felt the need to expand their territories

Question 11

whose assassination caused the war?

Answer 11

the assassination of Archduke Fraz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie on June 29 1914

Question 12

Who is Gavrilo Princip?

Answer 12

• serbian nationalist
• assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• 19-year-old member of the Black Hand Movement

Question 13

who was the heir to the Astro-Hungarian throne?

Answer 13

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Question 14

What was the Black Hand Movement?

Answer 14

a secret organization that aimed to get rid Bosnia of Austrian rule

Question 15

why was the archduke and his wife assassinated?

Answer 15

Serbians hopes that is would lead to a revolution

Question 16

June 28 1914

Answer 16

Archduke and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo

Question 17

July 23 1914

Answer 17

Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum of many demands they needed to accept lest Austria will declare war

Question 18

July 28 1914

Answer 18

Austria declared war on Serbia

Question 19

July 30 1914

Answer 19

Russia ordered full mobilization of its forces

Question 20

August 1 1914

Answer 20

German declared war of Franca- Russia’s ally

Question 21

August 3 1914

Answer 21

Germany invades Belgium

Question 22

August 4 1914

Answer 22

Britain joined the war

Question 23

Why did Germany invade Belgium?

Answer 23

Belgium refused permission to march through Belgian lands to attack France

Question 24

Why did Britain join the war?

Answer 24

• fulfillment of its vow to guarantee Belgian neutrality

- as an ally of Franca and Russia

Question 25

August 6 1914

Answer 25

Austria declares war on Russia

Question 26

Why was Europe divided into opposing camps?

Answer 26

relations of nations were marred by conflicting goals and involved nations

Question 27

Who were part of The Allies

Answer 27

September 5 1914 - Great Britain - France - Russia April 26 1915 - Italy April 6 1917 - United States

Question 28

who were part of the Central Powers?

Answer 28

1914 - Germany - Asia-Hungary October 29 1914 - Ottoman Empire October 14 1915 - Bulgaria

Question 29

which are the two fronts where major battles of WWI was fought?

Answer 29

Western Front and Eastern Front

Question 30

Where is the Western Front located?

Answer 30

region in Northern France

Question 31

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Answer 31

for Germany to attack and defeat Franca in the west then rush to the east to battle out with Russia

Question 32

Who devised the Schlieffen plan?

Answer 32

germany

Question 33

Why did the Schlieffen plan fail?

Answer 33

because Russia moved quicker than expected

Question 34

Where was the Eastern front located?

Answer 34

battlefield along the German and Russian border

Question 35

Who were the Russians and Serbians fighting in the Eastern front?

Answer 35

Germans and Astro-Hungarians

Question 36

At the start, Austrians won against Russia, and continued to until the end of 1914

Question 37

What weakened Russia?

Answer 37

- huge losses in Russian army | - domestic Army

Question 38

When did Russia sign a treaty with Germany?

Answer 38

March 1918

Question 39

Why did Germany emerge victorious in Eastern Europe?

Answer 39

they signed a treaty with Russia

Question 40

What is Trench Warfare?

Answer 40

opposing armed forces attack, counterattack and defend from trenches dug into the ground

Question 41

how was the Western front marked?

Answer 41

by a vast network of trenches dug on the ground

Question 42

What is the "no man's land"?

Answer 42

portion of land between two trench systems

Question 43

why did no one cross the no man's land?

Answer 43

in fear of being shot

Question 44

Italy was in the side of The Allies, but then entered a secret agreement with _____

Answer 44

France and Britain

Question 45

1917 at fall

Answer 45

German and Austrian forces broke through the Italian lines at Caporetto

Question 46

What were the casualties in 1917 fall?

Answer 46

- 275, 000 prisoners were taken | - forced the retreat of the Italian army

Question 47

How did Japan, a British ally, influence WWI?

Answer 47

took over German sphere of influences on the Shantung Peninsula in China and other islands in the Pacific

Question 48

How did the Ottoman Empire prevented Allied aid from reaching Russian ports?

Answer 48

by planting mines in the Dardanelles

Question 49

How was Constantinople reached and Dardanelles controlled?

Answer 49

troops from Britain, France, New Zealand and Australia landed in Gallipoli at 1915

Question 50

How did Africa influence the WWI?

Answer 50

British and French troops took control of the German colonies of Togoland and Cameron

Question 51

What did President Woodrow WIlso

Question 51

What did President Woodrow Wilson announce at 1914?

Answer 51

a policy of neutrality for the US

Question 52

Why did Americans find it hard to maintain the neutrality?

Answer 52

- they sympathize with democratic countries France and Britain - They fear the reign of authoritarian governments- Germany and Austria - A German U-boat sank the British ship in Lusitania

Question 53

How many Americans were lost in the sunk British ship?

Answer 53

a hundred

Question 54

who is Arthur Zimmermann in January 1917?

Answer 54

German foreign secretary

Question 55

What did Zimmermann send?

Answer 55

a secret telegram code that was trying to make an alliance with Mexico

Question 56

What did Zimmermann's telegram say?

Answer 56

- the Germans emerged victorious | - Texas and parts of Southwest America will be returned to Mexico

Question 57

Americans got angry because British decoded Zimmermann's message. True or False

Answer 57

True