1.1 Material Properties

Question 1

What are mechanical properties

Answer 1

Associated with how the material reacts to an external force

Question 2

What’s a physical property of a material?

Answer 2

Associated with the actual make up or structure of the material

Question 3

What’s compressive stregrth

Answer 3

Ability to withstand being crushed by pushing forces (compression)

Question 4

What’s tensile strength?

Answer 4

Ability to resist stretching/pulling forces (Tension)

Question 5

What’s bending strength

Answer 5

Ability to withstand forces that may bend the material

Question 6

What’s shear strength

Answer 6

The ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

Question 7

What’s torsional strength?

Answer 7

Ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torsion

Question 8

What’s hardness of a material?

Answer 8

The ability to withstand scratches, indentation or cutting

Question 9

What’s the toughness of a material?

Answer 9

The ability to absorb impact without fracture

Question 10

What’s plasticity?

Answer 10

The ability to be permanently deformed in shape

Question 11

What’s elasticity?

Answer 11

The ability to be deformed and then return back to its original shape

Question 12

What’s ductility?

Answer 12

The ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross sectional area without cracking - eg, stretching a material into wire

Question 13

What’s malleability?

Answer 13

Ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking. Malleability increases with a rise in temperature.

Question 14

What’s an electrical conductor and insulator?

Answer 14

Allows the flow of electrical current through the material

Insulator - does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

Question 15

What’s a thermal conductor or thermal insulator?

Answer 15

Conductor- Allows the transfer of heat energy through the material

Insulator - Prevents the transfer of heat through the material

Question 16

What does thermal expansion mean?

Answer 16

The increase in material volume in response to a heat input

Question 17

What does density mean ?

Answer 17

The mass of the material in a standard volume of space

Question 18

What’s fusibility?

Answer 18

The ability of the material to be fused or converted from a solid into a liquid or molten state, usually by heat

Question 19

What is magnetism

Answer 19

The natural force between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steels

Question 20

What does corrosion/degradation resistance mean?

Answer 20

The ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay

Question 21

What are the three types of metals?

Answer 21

Ferrous
Non ferrous
Alloy

Question 22

What is a ferrous metal

Answer 22

A metal containing mostly iron and carbon. Ferrous metals are magnetic and WILL rust

Question 23

What are 3 Ferrous Metals?

Answer 23

Low Carbon Steel
Medium Carbon Steel
Cast Iron

Question 24

What is a non ferrous metal?

Answer 24

A metal that does not contain iron. It is not magnetic and will not Rust

Question 25

Name 7 Non ferrous metals

Answer 25

``` Aluminium Copper Sink Silver Gold Titanium Tin ```

Question 26

What is an alloy metal

Answer 26

A material made up of 2+ different metals. They can also be devided into ferrous and non ferrous

Question 27

What are 2 ferrous alloys

Answer 27

Stainless steel | Die steel

Question 28

What are 4 non ferrous alloys?

Answer 28

Bronze Brass Duralumin Pewter

Question 29

Why is aluminium suitable for a drink can?

Answer 29

Malleable = can be deep drawn into shape Lightweight = easy to lift and transport Food safe material Non ferrous so will not rust Easy to recycle and use again - low melting point Aesthetically pleasing

Question 30

What is a hard wood?

Answer 30

Hardwoods come from deciduous trees - broad leaded. They are slow growing and lose leaves in autumn (CHRISTMAS TREE)

Question 31

What are 6 Hardwoods

Answer 31

``` Oak Ash Mahogany Teal Birch Beech ```

Question 32

What is a soft wood

Answer 32

Come from coniferous trees. Generally fast growing and tend to be ever green

Question 33

Name 6 softwoods

Answer 33

``` Pine Spruce Douglas fir Redwood Cedar Larch ```

Question 34

What is manufactured board

Answer 34

A man mad wood based composite material Available in much larger sizes than natural wood

Question 35

What are 6 types of manufactured board?

Answer 35

``` MDF plywood Marine Plywood Flexible Plywood Chipboard Aeroply ```

Question 36

Why is team suitable for an outdoor bench?

Answer 36

Contains natural oils to resist moisture - making it weather resistant Contains natural oils that resist acids and alkalis such as bird boo or cleaning liquids Aesthetically pleasing due to natural dark brown colour and straight drain It’s hard meaning it will withstand scratches from buttons etc

Question 37

What are the 3 types of wood

Answer 37

Hardwood Softwood Man made board

Question 38

What are the 3 types of plastics

Answer 38

Thermoplastic Thermosetting plastic Elastomers

Question 39

What’s a thermo plastic

Answer 39

A material which can be repeatedly reshaped and reheated, allowing it to be recycled

Question 40

What are examples of thermoplastics

Answer 40

``` LDPE HDPE PolyPropylene HIPS ABS PMMA PET PVC ```

Question 41

What’s a thermosetting polymer?

Answer 41

A material which when heated undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules form rigid cross links They can not be reheated or reshapes, even at very High temperatures

Question 42

What are 4 thermosetting polymers

Answer 42

Urea formaldehyde Melamine formaldehyde Polyester resin Epoxy resin

Question 43

What is an elastomer

Answer 43

A material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then upon release of pressure will return to its original shape. They have weak bonds = easy to stretch

Question 44

What are 4 elastomers

Answer 44

Natural rubber Silicone Polyburadiene Neoprene

Question 45

Why is PET suitable for a drinks bottle?

Answer 45

Thermoplastic = can be recycled Tough = If user drops bottle it won’t release content Available in transparent form Impermeable to carbon dioxide

Question 46

Why is melamine formaldehyde suitable for a kitchen worktop?

Answer 46

Thermosetting polymer with high melting point - hot pans and bowls Chemical resistant which allows workshop to be cleaned with detergent Hard = clean surface without scratching Can be pigmented for colour to fit kitchen aesthetics

Question 47

Why is neoprene suitable for a swim suit?

Answer 47

Elastomers = stretch and fit tightly around body Good degradation resistance so wont be damaged by salt water in sea Can be pigmented for colour

Question 48

What is a composite material

Answer 48

Made up of two or more different materials for enhanced properties - fibre based - particle based OR - sheet based

Question 49

What are examples of composites

Answer 49

``` CFRP GRP tungsten carbide Aliminium composite board Concrete Fibre cement Engineered wood ```

Question 50

What’s a smart material

Answer 50

A material who’s physical properties change in response to a external stimuli Eg heat water electricity light

Question 51

What are some smart material

Answer 51

``` SMA thermochromatic pigment Thermochromatic film Phosphorescent pigment Photochromic pigment Electroluminescent wire Piezo electric material ```

Question 52

What is a modern material

Answer 52

A material developed through the invention of a new or improved process They are not smart materials as they do not react to external change

Question 53

What are some modern materials

Answer 53

``` Carbon fibre Kevlar Precious metal clay High feisty modelling foam Polymorph ```