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DT > 1.1 Materials and their applications > Flashcards

1.1 Materials and their applications Flashcards

1
Q

Compressive strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces

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2
Q

Tensile strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to resist stretching or pulling forces

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3
Q

bending strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to resist forces that may bend the material

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4
Q

Shear strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

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5
Q

Torsional strength
Mechanical property

A

the ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion

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6
Q

Hardness
Mechanical property

A

the ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting

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7
Q

Toughness
Mechanical property

A

the ability to absorb impact force without fracture

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8
Q

Plasticity
Mechanical property

A

the ability to be permanently deformed and retain the deformed shape

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9
Q

Ductility
Mechanical property

A

the ability to draw out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking

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10
Q

Malleability
Mechanical property

A

the ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking, increases with a rise of temperature

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11
Q

Elasticity
Mechanical property

A

the ability to be deformed and then return to the original state when the force is removed

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12
Q

Electrical conductor
Physical property

A

allows the flow of electrical current though the material

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13
Q

Electrical insulator
Physical property

A

does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

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14
Q

Thermal conductor
Physical property

A

allows the transfer of heat energy through the material

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15
Q

Thermal insulator
Physical property

A

prevents the transfer of heat through the material

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16
Q

Thermal expansion
Physical property

A

the increase in material volume in response to heat input

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17
Q

Opaque
Physical property

A

prevents light from travelling through

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18
Q

Translucent
Physical property

A

allows light through but diffuses the light so the object appears blurred

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19
Q

Transparent
Physical property

A

Allows the light to pass through easily which means you can see clearly though the material

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20
Q

Density
Physical property

A

the mass of the material in a standard volume of space

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21
Q

Fusibility
Physical property

A

the ability of the material to be fused or converted from a solid to a liquid or molten state, usually by heat

22
Q

Magnetism
Physical property

A

the natural force between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steels

23
Q

Corrosion/degradation resistance
Physical property

A

the ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay

24
Q

Ferrous metal

A

a metal containing mostly iron and carbon
ferrous metals are magnetic and will rust
e.g. low and medium carbon steel, cast iron

25
Non-ferrous metal
a metal that does not contain iron not magnetic and will not rust e.g. aluminium, copper, zinc
26
Alloy
a metal made of two or more metals or combining two or more elements, one of which must be metal can also be classified as ferrous or non-ferrous alloys ferrous alloys: stainless steel non-ferrous alloys: bronze
27
Hardwood
a wood from a broad leafed tree these trees are generally slow growing and lose their leaves in autumn BBB MOAT
28
Softwood
a wood from a coniferous tree these trees are generally fast growing and evergreen DR SPRCL
29
Manufactured board
a man made wood based composite material manufactured boards are available in much larger sizes than solid wood e.g. plywood, chipboard, mdf
30
Thermoplastic
a material which can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped allowing it to be recycled after its initial use e.g. LDPE, PP, HIPS
31
Thermosetting polymer
a material which when heated undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules form rigid cross links e.g. UF, MF, epoxy resin
32
Elastomer
a material which at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then upon release of the pressure will return to its original shape e.g. natural rubber, silicon, neoprene
33
Papers and boards
e.g. layout paper, cartridge paper, laminated card
34
Composites
made by combining two or more different materials e.g. CFRP, GRP, tungsten carbide
35
Smart materials
a material whose physical property can change in response to an input or change in the environment e.g. SMA, thermochromic pigment, piezo electric material
36
Modern materials
a material development through the invention of new or improved processes e.g. kevlar, PMC, polymorph
37
Tensile testing Workshop
clamping material samples of the same length and thickness into a vice and applying a load such as weights to the unclamped end. the less deflection under load, the more tensile strength it has
38
Toughness testing Workshop
samples clamped into a vice each sample is then hit with a hammer with the same force tough materials absorb impact, brittle materials may bend or shatter
39
Hardness testing Workshop
abrasive: running a file over the surface of the material using the same force for each sample indentation: using a dot punch and hammer material is supported underneath and the dot punch is placed onto the material surface the dot punch is hit once by a hammer for each material sample
40
Ductility and malleability testing Workshop
secure test piece in a vice try to bend the test piece to 90 degrees cracks or surface damage on the outside of the bend indicate a lack of ductility cracks or surface damage on the inside of the bend indicate a lack of malleability
41
Corrosion testing Workshop
materials can be placed outside in an area exposed to weather effects and left for a certain length of time materials can be visually inspected for the surface corrosion
42
Conductivity testing Workshop
electrical: can be tested using a multimeter thermal: can be tested using a thermometer
43
Tensile testing Industrial
a test piece is placed into a tensometer machine and held in clamps at each end one clamp is fixed as the other moves in a worm drive gear mechanism as the worm drive turns, the test piece is put under tension
44
Toughness testing Industrial
the IZOD impact test is used a notched test piece is held vertically in the vice of the test machine a pendulum is released from a set position and swings to strike the test piece
45
Hardness testing Industrial
Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers pyramid
46
Rockwell
a preload is applied to the material sample using a diamond indenter which breaks through just the surface of the material the preload is called the datum an additional load is then applied to the test material and held for a predetermined length of time (dwell times) the smaller the indentation depth, the harder the material
47
Brinell
a hardened standard size steel ball is forced into the material surface using a pre-set load the diameter of the indent in the surface is measured the smaller the indent, the harder the material
48
Vickers pyramid
used to test very hard materials this test uses a diamond square based pyramid to indent the surface of the material diamond is used because it will not deform under load a microscope is used to measure the size of the indent
49
Ductility and malleability testing Industrial
a bend test is used to determine how well a material can withstand cracking during one continuous bend a test piece is placed into a bending machine and held, supported at the ends a mandrel loads the test piece to the centre and bends to the predetermined angle cracks on the outer bend = indicate level of ductility cracks on inside of bend = indicate level of malleability
50
Non destructive testing
ultrasonic xray electrical conductivity

DT (13 decks)

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