11 Muscle Textbook

Question 1

What are the 4 patterns of muscle organization?

Answer 1

1. circular
2. parallel
3. convergent
4. pennate (unipennate, bipennate and multipennate)

Question 2

parallel muscle characteristics

Answer 2

shortens a lot but lacks strength (rectus abdominus, biceps brachii)

Question 3

convergent muscle characteristics

Answer 3

direction of pull modifiable, not as strong as parallel (pectoralis major)

Question 4

pennate

Answer 4

shorten little, but strong
unipennate (extensor digitorum)
bipennate (muscle fascicles on both sides of the tendon, rectus femoris)
multipennate (branches of the tendon within the muscle and fasicles arranged on both sides of each tendon branch, deltoid)

Question 5

agonist

Answer 5

prime mover
muscle that contracts to produce a movement
e.g., triceps brachii, the agonist extending the forearm

Question 6

antagonist

Answer 6

actions oppose that of the agonist
contraction of agonist stretches antagonist and vice versa
e.g., biceps brachii, an antagonist for triceps brachii

Question 7

synergist

Answer 7

muscle assisting agonist
may stabilize point of origin
e.g., biceps brachii and brachialis muscle work synergistically to flex elbow joint