11. organic chemistry

Question 1

what is a homologous series?

Question 2

what are the general characteristics of a homologous series? (5)

Question 3

what is a saturated compound?

Question 4

what is an unsaturated compound?

Question 5

what is the general formula of alkanes

Question 6

what is the general formula of alkenes

Question 7

what is the general formula of alcohols

Question 8

what is the general formula of carboxylic acids

Question 9

what is a functional group

Question 10

what is a structural formula

Question 11

what is a structural isomer

Question 12

what are the four fossil fuels?

Question 13

what is the main constituent of natural gas?

Question 14

what do hydrocarbons contain?

Question 15

what is petroleum a mixture of

Question 16

describe the separation of petroleum into useful
fractions by fractional distillation

Answer 16

petroleum must be refined before commercially useful products are produced. the components in the crude oil have different boiling points so fractional distillation can be used to separate the components. the fraction containing molecules with the lowest boiling point condense at higher levels of the fractionating column

Question 17

how do the properties of fractions obtained from petroleum changed from bottom to top?

Answer 17

decreasing chain length, lower boiling point, lower viscosity, higher volatility (tendency of a substance to evaporate at normal temperatures)

Question 18

use of refinery gas

Question 19

use of gasoline/petrol

Question 20

use of naptha

Question 21

use of kerosene/paraffin

Question 22

use of diesel oil/gas oil

Question 23

use of fuel oil

Question 24

use of lubricating oil

Question 25

use of bitumen

Question 26

properties of alkanes

Answer 26

generally unreactive except in terms of combustion and substitution by chlorine

Question 27

what happens in a substitution reaction?

Answer 27

one atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms