11. Particle Physics

Question 2

why other particles must be emitted during beta decay

Answer 2

1. energy of the decay is fixed/constant.
2. energies of the beta particles have a continuous range of values/range/not constant.
3. another particle/ an (anti)neutrino must possess the extra/remaining energy (difference between energy of the decay and the beta kinetic energy)

Question 3

most of the atom is concentrated in a very small region and most of the atom is empty space

Answer 3

a very small proportion of alpha particles are deflected back through large angles/angles greater than 90 degrees.

a large proportion of alpha particles pass straight through/ deflected by small angles.

Question 3

composition of gamma radiation

Answer 3

electromagnetic wave/radiation

Question 4

compare alpha and beta+ in terms of mass and charge

Answer 4

mass of alpha (particle) is much greater (than beta+ particle).
both particles are positively charged
(magnitude of) charge on alpha (particle) is twice the charge (on beta+ particle)

Question 6

fundamental particle

Answer 6

particle with no internal structure / particle which cannot be broken down into anything smaller

not made of quarks
called leptons
electron, muon, tau, all neutrinos