1.1 Particulate Nature of Matter

Question 1

Elements

Answer 1

substances made out of one type of atom

Question 2

Compounds

Answer 2

substances with two or more substances chemically combined

Question 3

Mixtures

Answer 3

substances made of two or more substances physically combined

Question 4

Chemical properties are retained in mixtures.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Chemical properties are retained in compounds.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

Homogenous

Answer 6

mixture with uniform composition and properties throughout

Question 7

Heterogenous

Answer 7

mixture with non-uniform composition and properties throughout

Question 8

Air; hetero/homogenous

Answer 8

homogenous

Question 9

Concrete; hetero/homogenous

Answer 9

heterogenous

Question 10

Separate air; property that allows it

Answer 10

fractional Distillation; different b.p.s

Question 11

Separate salt-sand mixture; property that allows it

Answer 11

filtration; solubility in water

Question 12

Separate iron-sulfur mixture; property that allows it

Answer 12

magnet; magnetism

Question 13

Recrystallisation purpose and method

Answer 13

separate impure solids; add hot solvent and filter

Question 14

Simple distillation purpose and method

Answer 14

separate liquid and soluble solid; heat the solution and use a condenser to condense and collect liquid

Question 15

Fractional distillation purpose and method

Answer 15

separate two liquids (diff b.p.s); heat carefully using electric heater, then liquid with lower boiling point will be condensed and collected

Question 16

Paper chromatography purpose and method

Answer 16

to separate different solubilities in a given solvent; add sample on a pencil line with preferred solvent in a beaker, over time the constituents move up the paper and the more soluble sample move farther

Question 17

Solids properties

Answer 17

fixed volume; and shape; atoms vibrate in fixed positions; low energy

Question 18

Liquids properties

Answer 18

fixed volume; no fixed shape; atoms slide over each other; greater energy

Question 19

Gas properties

Answer 19

no fixed volume; or shape; atoms move randomly; highest energy

Question 20

Solid to liquid; liquid to solid

Answer 20

melting; freezing

Question 21

Liquid to gas; gas to liquid

Answer 21

boiling/evaporation/vaporisation; condensation

Question 22

Difference between boiling and evaporation

Answer 22

evaporation occurs on a range of temperatures; boiling occurs at b.p. Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid; boiling occurs throughout

Question 23

Solid to gas; gas to solid

Answer 23

sublimation; deposition

Question 24

What is the energy being used for in the slope parts of a heating/cooling curve?

Answer 24

change in temperature

Question 25

What is the energy being used for in the flat parts of a heating/cooling curve?

Answer 25

change in state

Question 26

°C to K

Answer 26

+273.15

Question 27

0K and properties

Answer 27

absolute zero; particles have zero kinetic energy

Question 28

Effect of heating on liquid particles

Answer 28

vibrate more and move faster

Question 29

What happens to the temperature of water when it changes from solid to liquid or liquid to gas?

Answer 29

no temperature change

Question 30

Where is energy used when changing states?

Answer 30

In melting, energy is used to break the solid lattice; in vaporisation, it is used to overcome intermolecular forces

Question 31

S.I. unit of temperature

Answer 31

Kelvin (K)

Question 32

B.P. of water in kelvin (normal pressure)

Answer 32

373.15K

Question 33

Example of a substance undergoing sublimation

Answer 33

Dry ice (solid CO2)