1.1 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 1

What is the first part of Cell Theory?

Answer 1

All living things are composed of one or more cells

Question 2

What is the second part of Cell Theory?

Answer 2

All cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division

Question 3

What is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms?

Answer 3

The cell

Question 4

What are the two major types of cells?

Answer 4

• Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic

Question 5

What do Eukaryotic cells contain that Prokaryotic cells do not?

Answer 5

Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

How are Eukaryotes classified?

Answer 6

Must have a nucleus and organelles

Question 7

What types of cells are included in Eukaryotes?

Answer 7

• Plant cells
• Animal cells

Question 8

What is the size range of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 8

10-100um

Question 9

What type of DNA do Eukaryotes have?

Answer 9

Linear (multiple) chromosomes stored in the nucleus

Question 10

What type of DNA do Prokaryotes have?

Answer 10

Circular (singular) DNA stored in the cytoplasm

Question 11

What is the method of reproduction for Eukaryotes?

Answer 11

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 12

What is the method of reproduction for Prokaryotes?

Answer 12

Binary Fission

Question 13

What is the role of the nucleus in a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 13

Contains genetic material and is the control center of the cell

Question 14

What organelle is responsible for energy generation?

Answer 14

Mitochondrion

Question 15

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

Answer 15

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 16

What structure within mitochondria maximizes surface area?

Answer 16

Cristae

Question 17

What are chloroplasts responsible for?

Answer 17

Photosynthesis

Question 18

What is a significant feature of chloroplasts?

Answer 18

Stacks of thylakoids (grana) containing chlorophyll

Question 19

What do permanent vacuoles in plant cells store?

Answer 19

Dissolved solutes

Question 20

What is the Golgi Body’s function?

Answer 20

Packaging and secretion of cargo such as proteins

Question 21

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 21

• Rough ER
• Smooth ER

Question 22

What is the main function of Rough ER?

Answer 22

Protein synthesis

Question 23

What does Smooth ER synthesize?

Answer 23

Lipids

Question 24

What organelle is involved in digestion within animal cells?

Answer 24

Lysosome

Question 25

What is the cytoskeleton's role in the cell?

Answer 25

Provides structural framework and assists in movement

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The nucleus contains _______ and is the control center of the cell.

Answer 26

genetic material

Question 27

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What type of cells are lysosomes found in?

Answer 28

Animal cells only

Question 29

What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

Answer 29

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Question 30

What do vacuoles in both plant and animal cells do?

Answer 30

Store water and nutrients

Question 31

What is the significance of the Golgi Body's modification of proteins?

Answer 31

Prepares proteins for secretion