1.1 quest for political stability Flashcards
(45 cards)
issues for Charles when becoming king
empty treasury so reliance on parliament for money
parliament issues
things that happened between 1625 and 1629
henrietta maria arrives in england
house of commons refuses Charles tunnange and pundage for life
attacks on cadiz fail in 1626
Charles disolves parlimet in 1626 to protect Buckingham
1627 five kinights case
1626 petion of right
1629 personal rule
tunnage and pundage
Tunnage: A duty on each tun (cask) of wine imported.
Poundage: A tax of a set amount (usually 1 shilling per pound of goods) on imported and exported goods.
These were intended to provide the monarch with income to maintain the navy and manage the kingdom’s trade.
buckingham
Charles I trusted Buckingham completely and relied on him for military and political decisions. he led several disastrous foreign policy ventures
- The Cádiz expedition (1625): A failed attempt to attack Spain.
- Support for the Huguenots at La Rochelle (1627–28): Ended in military failure and heavy losses.
Dissolved parliament in 1625 and 26 and meant he couldn’t get any money
Charles reaction to the 1626 parliament’s dissolution
he needed money for war, mainly against spain, so decided to bypass parliament have a forced loan on all tax payers. it was not optional and disgusted as a tax and those who refused to pay were imprisoned
Five Knights Case
5 people who refused to pay charles forced loan with them calling in habead corpus but chalres overulling it
it spread widespread outrage
petition of right 1628
No taxation without Parliament’s consent
No imprisonment without cause (due process required)
No billeting of soldiers in private homes
No use of martial law in peacetime
the significance of the dissolution 1629-30
had signifcant effects on the quest for political stability as chalres was an abouslute monarchy but a poor inconsistent monarchy
treaty of madrid
ended issues with spain leading to annual war spending going from 500k to 70k meaning he could devote attention to finding ways to sort of making more money
The ways Charles got money during his personal rule
tunnage and poundage
popish soap - selling monolopies
crown lands
ship money
1634 Ship Money levied on coastal counties—still somewhat traditional.
1635 Extended to inland counties, which had never paid it before.
1636–1639 Became an annual tax, not tied to war or emergency.
inland didn’t need - no war at the time - only usually done once
arminisim rise
Charles I’s beliefs Charles supported Arminianism for its emphasis on order, hierarchy, and obedience to authority.
Laud’s influence Charles appointed William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633, a committed Arminian. Laud led major reforms in the Church.
Personal Rule Without Parliament, Charles could impose religious policies without opposition.
charles struggle in first bishop war
lack of money and had to rely on things he ddint have forceing him to sign the treaty of berwick
end of personal rule
due to people not wanting to invest in war against scotland there was a tax payer strike leaving charles with zero money and could only call parliament
treaty of ribpon
after failing in the second bishops war with little chance charles was forced to sign the treaty meaning he would have to pay 850 while he occupied newcastle
triennial act 1641
charles had to call parliament at least once a year
prides purge reasons
english civil war in its last phases with parliment forces gainig on royalist forces. wth a peace traty being sent over to charles
prides purge event
new model army marched to the parliament to remove all those that went against the army
aftermath of prides pruge
rump parliment formed by oliver cronwell
laudian reform impact
seen to be moving protatism to more catholic anger many puritans
methods of laudian reform
Altars moved to the east end and enclosed with rails (like in Catholic churches) offending Protestants who saw this as a return to Catholic rituals
Altars moved to the east end and enclosed with rails (like in Catholic churches) Offended Protestants who saw this as a return to Catholic rituals
repression agianst laudian reform
William Laud, as Archbishop of Canterbury, used the Church Courts to enforce his way of religious thinking
when burton bastwick and prynee challenged this they were met with harsh punishment such as ears cut off and imprisonment
fear of catholicism 1625-42
henrietta amria a french catholic princess
irish rebiollon in 1641
irish rebillom of 1641
The rebellion turned violent and uncontrollable.
Protestant settlers were attacked, killed, or driven off land.
Rumours spread of massacres
disagreement between the parliament and Charles on who should raise the army as parliament feared he would use it against them
