1.1 Scale and Organization

Question 1

what unit is used for very small objects

Answer 1

a nanometer

Question 2

what is a nanometer

Answer 2

a billionth of a meter

Question 3

what is typically measured with nanometers

Answer 3

atoms

Question 4

hydrogen atom diameter

Answer 4

0.1 nanometer

Question 5

what is used for slightly larger objects

Answer 5

micrometer

Question 6

what is a micrometer / micron

Answer 6

one millionth of a meter

Question 7

what is typically measured with micrometers

Answer 7

a bacterium/cell

Question 8

human hair diameter

Answer 8

40-20 microns

Question 9

red blood cell diameter

Answer 9

7 micron

Question 10

what unit is used for larger objects

Answer 10

MM/ meters

Question 11

what is an astronomical unit

Answer 11

average difference from the centre of the earth to the centre of the sun (149.6 million KM)

Question 12

How dar is the distance from mars to the sun

Answer 12

1.52 AU

Question 13

How far is the distance from the sun to Jupiter

Answer 13

5.2 AU

Question 14

what is a light year

Answer 14

distance light travels over a year (9.46 trillion km)

Question 15

how fast is a light year

Answer 15

300,000,000 meters per second approximately

Question 16

what is a parsec

Answer 16

3.26 light years

Question 17

what is a mega parsec

Answer 17

1 million parsec, 3.26 million light year

Question 18

how close is the closest star to our sun and what is it

Answer 18

próxima centauri, 1.301 parsec away

Question 19

nearest galaxy and distance?

Answer 19

andromeda; 766503.48 parsec

Question 20

what is the diameter of our galaxy

Answer 20

30660.1 parsec = 100,000 LY

Question 21

what is scientific notation

Answer 21

number is written as the product of a coefficient (between 1 to 10) and a power of 10 (1.2 x 10^4)

Question 22

scientific notation example? (12000.0)

Answer 22

1.2 x 10^4 (move decimal place to the left 4 times)

Question 23

scientific notation example? (0.000567)

Answer 23

5.67 x 10 ^ -4 (move to the right 4 times)

Question 24

what is an order of magnitude

Answer 24

if one object is 10x bigger than another, it is bigger by an order of magnitude

Question 25

what is 2.5 x 10^ 2 by order of magnitude

Answer 25

10^2

Question 26

what is 7.56 x 10^3 by order of magnitude

Answer 26

10^4 (7.56>5, therefore round up from 3 to 4)

Question 27

how much is 2 orders of magnitude

Answer 27

100x

Question 28

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how big is the moon?

Answer 28

small glass marble

Question 29

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how far is the moon?

Answer 29

2.02 meters

Question 30

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how big is the sun?

Answer 30

7.3 meters in diameter

Question 31

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how far is the sun?

Answer 31

738 meters (7 ish football fields)

Question 32

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how big is Neptune?

Answer 32

size of cantaloupe

Question 33

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how far is Neptune?

Answer 33

23.6 km

Question 34

if earth was the size of a tennis ball, how far is Proxima Centauri (nearest star)?

Answer 34

209,000 km away

Question 35

how old is the universe

Answer 35

13.77 billion years old

Question 36

how old is the sun (sol)

Answer 36

4.6 billion years ago

Question 37

how old is the earth

Answer 37

4.54 billion years

Question 38

if earths lifetime is the length of your arm, with the beginning of earth starting at your shoulder, where does humanity start

Answer 38

if you were to take a nail file and rub off a bit of ur nail, all that fell of would represent all of recorded human history

Question 39

what is an eon

Answer 39

largest time unit

Question 40

rank period, epoch, era and eon based on size

Answer 40

eon, era, period, epoch

Question 41

what is BP

Answer 41

years before present

Question 42

what is MA

Answer 42

millions of years before present

Question 43

what is MYR

Answer 43

timespan of a million years

Question 44

remembering the GTS (mnemonic)

Answer 44

cute owls seldom deceive clay pigeons they can't practice nonchalance quietly cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous, permian, triassic, cretaceous, paleogene, neogene, quaternary

Question 45

what is systems science

Answer 45

examines behaviour and organization of physical, biological social and technological systems

Question 46

what are earths major systems

Answer 46

biosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, atmosphere

Question 47

what is geosphere

Answer 47

soil to earths core

Question 48

what is hydrosphere

Answer 48

all water including ice and vapor

Question 49

what is atmosphere

Answer 49

envelope of gases extending to about 100km

Question 50

what is biosphere

Answer 50

all of earths organisms and organic matter not yet decomposed

Question 51

how deep in the earth do microorganisms exist

Answer 51

up to 41km in the atmosphere, 3km depth in the crust

Question 52

How much of a light year is an AU

Answer 52

8.3 light minutes, not even close to a year

Question 53

base of cambrian

Answer 53

538.8 ma

Question 54

base of paleozic

Answer 54

538.8 ma

Question 55

base of Phanerozoic

Answer 55

538.8 ma

Question 56

base of mesozoic

Answer 56

251.9 ma

Question 57

base of triassic

Answer 57

251.9 ma

Question 58

base of paleogene

Answer 58

66 ma

Question 59

base of cenozoic

Answer 59

66 ma

Question 60

base of Proterozoic

Answer 60

2.5 GA

Question 61

base of Archean

Answer 61

4.54 GA

Question 62

what percentage of geological time does the precambrian/super eon represent

Answer 62

87%

Question 63

what is BP

Answer 63

years before present

Question 64

ka vs kya

Answer 64

thousand of years before present vs timespan of thousand years

Question 65

ma vs myr

Answer 65

million of years before present vs timespan of million years

Question 66

Ga vs byr

Answer 66

billions of years before present vs timespan of billion years

Question 67

what distinguishes time periods from each other in the Phanerozoic era

Answer 67

significant events in biosphere such as mass extinctions or rapid diversification of large creatures

Question 68

how many inches in a meter

Answer 68

39.37 inches

Question 69

how was the metre defined by the French academy of sciences

Answer 69

1/10,000,000 of the quadrant of the earth's circumference running from the North Pole through Paris to the equator

Question 70

how was the metre defined by the international bureau of weights and measures

Answer 70

distance between two lines on a standard bar of 90 percent platinum and 10 percent iridium

Question 71

how was the metre defined in 1960

Answer 71

equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of the orange-red line in the spectrum of the krypton-86 atom in a vacuum.

Question 72

how was the metre defined in 1983

Answer 72

distance travelled by light in 1/299,792,458 of a second