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Oral Micro #1 > #11 Sterilization, Disinfection and Antisepsis > Flashcards

#11 Sterilization, Disinfection and Antisepsis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the pathogens of special concern?

A 
Ebola
HIV
Hepatits B
TB
Herpes
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2
Q

What are critical items?

A

Items that come in contact with tissue or vascular system (surgical instruments)

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3
Q

What are Semi critical items?

A

Items come into contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin (curing light)

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4
Q

What are non-critical items?

A

Items that touch skin (BP cuff)

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5
Q

______ = destruction or removal of all life including spores.

A

Sterilization (Critical and noncritical instruments)

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6
Q

________ inhibition of destruction of pathogens (not spores)

A

Disinfectant (Non critical surfaces)

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7
Q

_____ are formulated to destroy pathogenic microorganisms on living tissues.

A

Antiseptics (Not interchangeable with disinfectants)

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8
Q

What does a High level disinfectant do?

A

destroys all microorganisms except spores.

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9
Q

What does an intermediate level disinfectant do?

A

Inactivates Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative bacteria and fungi.

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10
Q

What does low level disinfectant do?

A

Kills most bacteria, some viruses and some fungi but cannot be relied on to kill M. tuberculosis or spores.

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11
Q

What is the most reliable method of sterilization?

A

Heat (proteins are denatured by heat, thus killing organisms)

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12
Q

What are the autoclave conditions?

A

121 degrees C
15 psi
15-20 minutes

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of an autoclave?

A

Corrosion of carbon steel and pulling.
Deposits from hard water (need distilled)
Destruction of heat sensitive material

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14
Q

Describe the conditions of Flash steam sterilization…

A
  • Rapid cycle
  • 134 degrees C
  • 30 PSI
  • 6-12min
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15
Q

What are the Dry heat sterilization conditions?

A
  • 160 degrees C (320) for 2 hours
  • 170 degrees C (340) for 1 hour
    *Does not corrode metal
    Not suitable for handpieces!
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16
Q

What are the conditions of Rapid heat transfer sterilization?

A
  • 190 C (375F)
  • 12 min for wrapped items
  • 6 min for unwrapped items
    *Does not corrode metal
    *Instruments must be dry
    Not suitable for handpieces!
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17
Q

What are the conditions for Unsaturated Chemical vapor conditions?

A
  • 131 C
  • 20 PSI
  • 20-40 Min
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18
Q

Who monitors sterilization?

A

CDC and Ohio law

19
Q

Do chemical strips indicate that a package reached temp for the appropriate amount of time?

A

NO, it just indicates that it has been heated

20
Q

What give the best indicator of true sterilization?

A

Biological indicators

  • Glass vials with spore + pH = color change
  • Spore impregnated strips in envelops sent to service for checking.
21
Q

When do you use chemical sterilization?

A

Only when heat is inappropriate.

22
Q

What are the conditions for ethylene oxide conditions?

A

Room temp
10-16hrs
*hazardous chemicals = must dry instruments

23
Q

What are the conditions for Glutaldehyde?

A

Room temp
10 hrs
*Most potent chemical germicide

24
Q

What is a common disinfectant wipe?

A

Quaternary ammonium-alcohol combination (caviwipes)

25
Q

Never disinfect when you can ______.

A

Sterilize

26
Q

Tell me about Phenols and derivatives…

A

They have pretty much been replaced by quaternary ammonium-alcohol combinations

27
Q

What are the Advantages of Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide?

A
  • Intermediate level disinfectant
  • No odor
  • Non toxic
  • Short contact times
28
Q

Alcohol disinfectants must contain ___% of alcohol to be effective.

A

60-80% *intermediate to low level

*disadvantages = rapid evaporation

29
Q

Are detergents good disinfectants?

A

Not by themselves (low level) *only suitable for non critical items by itself.
*Activate by stuff in hard water

30
Q

What is Iodine and Iodophors good for?

A
  • Intermediate level disinfectant, also good for hand washing antiseptic.
  • Biocidal in 5-10min
31
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages to a Chlorine containing compound?

A

High Level disinfectant

  • Rapid action 15-30sec
  • broad spectrum

Disadvantages:

  • Unpleasant odor
  • corrosive
  • degrades plastics
32
Q

What is the ideal chemical product/process for surface disinfection?

A

Hah! There isn’t one………….”what a sucker” (muttered under my breath)

33
Q

What do we use at OSU for surface disinfection?

A

Quaternary ammonium/alcohol wipes (caviwipes)

34
Q

What types of water lines are more at risk of forming biofilms?

A

Small diameter ones (like in dental units) due to greater surface to volume ratio.

35
Q

Will using sterile water prevent biofilm formation?

A

No

36
Q

What 2 pathogen commonly grow in water lines?

A
  1. Pseudomonas

2. Legionella (I believe this is a Ben and Jerry’s flavor if I’m not mistaken….)

37
Q

What is the EPA drinking standard for water?

A

500 CFU/ML or less *Dental units may not meet this

38
Q

What are the 4 approaches to disinfecting water?

A
  1. Biofilm resistant treatment
  2. Regular flushing with chemical disinfectant (chlorhexidine)
  3. In-line UV irradiation (Ozone formation from O2)
  4. Sub-micron filters at the ends of the water lines.
39
Q

After use, Flush lines ________ to remove patient material.

A

20-30 sec

40
Q

How do you prevent back flow from suction device?

A
  • don’t have patient close lips around suction device

- do not position suction device far below level of tubing

41
Q

How often should you flush lines with chemical disinfectant?

A

daily or weekly

42
Q

How long should you wash with alcohol based products?

A

20-30 sec

43
Q

How long should you wash with soap and water?

A

40-60 sec

44
Q

Antiseptic hand cleansers (soaps and detergents) such as Chlorohexidine, Iodophors and Parachlorometaxylenol may leave a residue on epithelia tissues called ______.

A

Substantivity *concerns about triclosan as well.

Oral Micro #1 (12 decks)

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