1.1 The Structure and Functions of the Skeleton Flashcards
How many bones does the adult skeleton have?
The adult skeleton has 206 bones and provides the framework for all movement
Identify the types of bones.
Flat bones - are often quite large and usually protect vital organs.
Irregular bones - are specifically shaped to protect. For example the vertebrae are designed to protect the spinal cord.
Long bones - enable gross movement.
Short bones - enable finer controlled movements.
Identify all the flat bones.
Sternum, scapulae, cranial bones, ribs and pelvis
Identify all the irregular bones.
Vertebrae, sacrum, patella, jaw bon and coccyx.
Identify all the long bones.
humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpal, phalange, metatarsal, femur, fibula and tibia.
Identify all the short bones.
Tarsals and carpals.
What are the functions of the skeleton?
- Support, bones are solid and rigid, keep us upright
- Protection, prevents us from injury and long term damage
- Movement, occurs at joints
- Structural shape and point for attachment
- Mineral storage
- Blood cell production
What is a joint?
A joint is where two or more bones meet for the purposes of movement.
What are articulating bones?
Bones that meet at a joint to enable movement.
Articulating joints occur at the, shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle.
Ball and socket joint
shoulders and hips
they allow movement in all directions.
Hinge joints
Hight joints are found in the knee and elbow, they can only move forward and back.
What is flexion?
Flexion is the decreasing of an angle at a joint (bending the joint.)
What is extension?
Extension is the increasing of an angle at a joint (straightening the joint.)
Give an example of flexion in a sport?
Preparing to shoot in football.
Give an example of extension in sport?
the follow through when kicking a penalty in rugby.
