11 vet health exam Flashcards
(244 cards)
1
Q
physiotherapist role
A
asses, diagnoses, treats and works to prevent disease and disability through movement and disease.
2
Q
what body systems do physics work with
A
muscular, skeletal and nervous
3
Q
nervous system role
A
CNS + PNS (. send and receive message from stimuli and initiate a response), afferent, efferent (afferent -> CNS -> efferent)
4
Q
muscular system functions
A
skeletal muscles = striated (striped +shorten/ contract) and voluntary (controlled -> pull bones to produce movement)
5
Q
types of bones
A
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
6
Q
skeletal system function
A
protection, movement, boundary, RBC production and mineral storage
7
Q
Ligament (joint)
A
a band of fibrous tissue, connects bone to bone
7
Q
Joints (skeletal system)
A
allow movement by connecting bone to bone via ligaments. Includes bones, ligaments, capsule, cartilage, Bursae, meniscus
8
Q
articular cartilage
A
glassy, smooth and spongy cartilage that covers the bone to help absorb shock and prevent friction
9
Q
capsule function
A
helps to strengthen joint when synovial fluid lines joint and helps to secrete fluid
10
Q
Capsule (joint)
A
tough fibrous tissue that has 2 layers, lays outside of synovial membrane
11
Q
bursa
A
flattened fibrous sack lined with synovial fluid that prevents friction where ligaments, muscles, bones or tendons may rub together
12
Q
synovial fluid
A
slippery fluid within the joint cavity that reduces friction between articular cartilage and joints
13
Q
meniscus
A
wedge of white fibrocartilage that improves fit between bones and increases stability and reduces wear and tear on joints
14
Q
pad of fat
A
provide cushioning between fibrous capsule and bone/ muscle
15
Q
sprain
A
torn ligament
15
Q
strain
A
torn muscle/tendon
16
Q
physio medicare
A
No cover unless part of a chronic disease management plan or in a public hospital
17
Q
physio pbs
A
n/a
18
Q
physio PHI
A
most include some coverage. the higher the level the more phsyio covered however may still incur gap/ have thresholds to claim
18
Q
contralateral
A
affects opposite side of the body to where the condition occurred eg, hypoaesthesia in the right arm after stroke on LHS
19
Q
hc professionals physics work with
A
GPs, surgeons, cardiologists, specialists, OTs
20
Q
bilateral
A
affects both sides of the body eg. loss of sensation in both hands after a stroke
20
Q
unilateral
A
affects one side of the body eg. abnormal sensation on left hand side after stroke
21
ipsilateral
affects same side of the body to where condition occurs eg. paraesthesia in right arm after stroke on RHS
22
what is a short bone
bones that are a similar width and length eg. carpals and tarpals
22
what is a long bone
bones longer then they are wide eg. tibia, fibula, femur, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus, radius, ulna and metcarpals
23
what is a flat bone
bones that are wider then they are long eg. sternum and ribs
24
what is an irregular bone
a bone with No set shape eg. vertebrae
25
sesamoid bone
bone within tendon eg. patella
26
common conditions related to physios
THR, CVA and strain/sprain
27
chiropractor role
works with the bodys musculoskeletal system to improve the functioning of the NS and general health.
- relieve feelings of pain
- increase ROM in joints
improve biomechanics
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medicare Chiro
No coverage unless bulk billing Chiro or part of chronic disease management plan
29
physio PBS
n/a
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Chiro PHI
most include some coverage depending on level of cover, may still incur a gap payment
30
what body systems do chiros work with
muscular, skeletal and nervous
30
vertebra function and bone type
-irregular bone
-protection and movement including posture
30
conditions related to chiros
sciata, neck pain and scoliosis
30
scoliosis
sideways curvature of the spine
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how can chiros assist with neck pain
-adjustments, mobilisation and soft tissue techniques, eg. massage + myofacial release
-posture correction
-specialised exercise program
-lifestyle changes
31
sciata
pain that radiates along path of sciatec nerve, branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks, down each leg
31
spinal cord
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
31
how many bones in cervical
7
32
how many bones in thoracic
12
32
how many bones in lumbar
5
32
how many bones in sacrum
5
32
how many bones in coccyx
4
33
podiatrists role
experts in foot, ankle and lower limb health
-prevent, diagnose and treat conditions by recommending specific excerszies, medication or shoe inserts
34
what systems (podiatrist)
musculoskeletal and itergumentary
35
integumentary system function
protect organelle from external environment
36
bones of foot
tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, talus and calcaneus
37
medicare podiatrist
not unless referred by bulk billing gp
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PHI podiatrist
yes but depending on lvl of cover
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PBS podiatrist
can subsidise prescribed medication
40
conditions related to podiatrists
plantar fasciitis and diabetic foot/ diabetic neuropathway
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plantar fasciitis
inflammation of plantar fascia band
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diabetic foot
overtime a high BGL and fats can damage your nerves or small blood vessels that nourish your nerve
43
optometrist role
detect defects in vision, sign of injury, ocular diseases or abnormality and problems with general health by making detailed examination of eyes, offering clinical advice regarding eye health, vision correction and prescribing glasses/ contact lens
44
optometrist body systems
sensory, nervous and muscular
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cornea structure
clear, curved superficial layer protecting the front of the eye
46
cornea function
help protect eye and focus light on the retina
47
pupil structure
hole for light to pass through
48
pupil function
adjusts size and regulates amount of light passing into eye
49
iris structure
circular, coloured part of eye
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iris function
regulates the amount of light entering through the eye
51
lens structure
transperant gel like capsule that sits behind the pupil and iris
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lens function
focusses light on the retina by changing shape
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optic nerve structure
bundle of nerve fibres at the back of the eye
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retina function
detects light and turns it into electrical impulses
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retina structure
light sensitive inner lining at the back of the eye
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optic nerve function
relates messages from the eye to the brain and turns them into visual messages
56
short sited
person can see things up close but needs assistance viewing things from a distance
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long sited
person can see things from a distance but needs assistance to view things up close
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macular degeneration
loss in centre or field of vision
-wet or dry
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dry macular degeneration
develops slowly and causes gradual vision loss.
-caused by gradual loss of cells in the retina
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wet macular degeneration
rapid loss of central vision. due to abnormal growth of blood vessels in your macular that leak blood and fluid
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glaucoma
characterised by a group of eye conditions that can cause blindness
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psychologist role
educated in the science on how people feel, behave and react
-trained to understand how brain works
-both can help to treat mental health conditions
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psychologist vs psychiatrist
psychiatrists can prescribe med and have a doctors degree where psychologists don't.
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body systems psychologist.
cns
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medicare psycologist
yes if referred by bulking billing Gp and 10 free sessions a year as part of mental health plan
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PHI psychologist
most have some coverage depending lvl of cover
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PBS psychologist
can subsidise prescribed med if prescribed to PSYCHIATRIST
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lobes of brain
frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
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wernickes area
comprehension of speech
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brocas area
production of speech
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neuron
transmits electrical signals
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nucleus
contains DNA of cell
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soma
contains nucleus
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dendrite
receive info from adjacent cells and carry info towards soma
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axon
carries info from soma to other cells
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axon terminals
stores and secretes NTs -> carry chemical msg to other neuron cells
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myelin sheath
insulates axon and increases the rate at which nerve impulses are conducted along axon
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schwann cell
glial cells that makes myelin sheath
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Response- DRSABCD
COWS to check for response, if No response continue DRSABCD
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nodes of ranvier
gaps in myelin sheath that allow for depolarisation to occur
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paramedic role
provide acute emergency medical response as well as routine support at events
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Danger- DRSABCD
ensure area is safe for yourself, others and the patient
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CPR- DRSABCD
start compressions- 30:2
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breathing- DRSABCD
check for normal breathing
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send for help - DRSABCD
ask or call 000/112 for ambulance
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airways- DRSABCD
check airways- open mouth to look for foreign material using the pistol grip, place in recovery position and scoop out material
81
atria function
receives blood
81
Defibrillator- DRSABCD
apply defibrillator
82
importance of heart beat
blood travels around the body
83
purpose of compressions/defib
keep blood and oxygen moving around the body
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heart chambers
right atria, right ventricle, left atria, left ventricle
84
ventricles function
pump blood out of heart
85
right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary artery to lungs
85
right atrium
receives/ collects deoxygenated blood from body
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left atrium
receives/ collects oxygenated blood from pulmonary vein
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aorta
transports oxygenated blood to body from left ventricle
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left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood though aorta around the body
87
superior vena cava
empty deoxygenated blood into right atrium from upper body
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inferior vena cava
empty deoxygenated blood into right atrium from lower body
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pulmonary artery
transports deoxygenated blood away from heart to lungs
90
pulmonary vein
transport oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
91
valves function
prevent back flow
91
vein
transport blood towards the heart
91
blood flow chart
body > superior/inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > Pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta > body
92
artery
transport blood away from heart
92
ovarian cyst
fluid filled sac
-treatments includes keyhole surgery
93
Gynaecologist role
specialise in female reproductive health
- diagnose and treat issues related to the female reproductive tract
93
GYN tx
pelvic exam, Pap tests, cancer tx and testing and tx for vaginal infections
93
endo tx
pills and med to help w hormones and excision surgery
93
vulva
protect urinary openings and internal reproductive organs
93
cervix
-allow for menustral blood
-direct sperm into uterus
-dilate to allow baby to pass through during birth
93
endometriosis
condition where tissue grows outside the uterus causing pain, discomfort and irregular menustral cycle
93
uterus
-nourish fertilised ova
-ova/ovum implants into uterus wall and foetus develops and grows
-unfertilised ovum dissolves >lining is shed
94
GYN medicare
some rebate available
94
ovary
eggs are stored and release ovum. into fallopian tube
94
fallopian tube
transport ova from ovaries to uterus
-fertilisation occurs
94
vagina
provide a pathway for baby during birth, penis during intercouse and blood during menustration
95
GYN PHI
depends on lvl of over
96
GYN PBS
can subsidise Rx med eg. the pill
97
other HC professionals with GYN
obstetrician, GP, surgeon and pharmacist
98
Obstetrician role
provide specialised medical care during pregnancy and birth (and postnatal care)
- deliver babies
- look after health of mother and bubbly during, before and after pregnancy (maternal care eg. education on how to look after themselves to maximise development of the baby)
99
testes
-produce testosterone -> stimulates production of sperm
100
vas deferens
collect sperm from testicles and collect additional fluid eg. semen and transport to urethra
100
scrotum
helps regulate temp of testes by changing size and bringing closer to body
101
prostate gland
produce fluid to mix with sperm to make up semen
102
urethra
transport semen containing sperm out of prostate gland and urine from bladder to end of penis
103
4 stages of conception
ovulation, ejaculation, fertilisation and implementation
104
ovulation
ovum released into fallopian tube where moved towards uterus, uterus lining thickens
105
ejaculation
sperm ejaculated from penis into vagina
106
fertilisation
sperm joins with the ovum to fertilise it = zygote, occurs anywhere along fallopian tube
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implantation
fertilised egg moves to uterus and attaches to thickened uterine lining where it begins to grow and expand
108
development
gradual changes in our physical, social, emotional and intellectual states and abilities
109
types of development
physical, emotional, social and intellectual
110
physical dev
changes relating to body size and shape
111
intellectual dev
changes in ways we are able to think and reason
112
emotional dev
learning to understand, control and express our moods and feelings appropriately
113
social development
changes in wats which our ability to interact with those around us changes
114
prenatal stage of development
conception to birth
-germinal, embryonic and foetal
114
stages of a lifespan
prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and old age
115
infancy
0-2yrs
116
childhood
2-10yrs
117
adolescence
10-20yrs
118
middle adulthood
40-65yrs
118
early adulthood
20-40yrs
119
old age
65+ years
119
Germinal characteristics
conception- week2
-starts at fertilisation and ends with implantation
-fertilisation = sperm penetrates ovum and materials fuse to become a zygote
-implantation=cells begin to divide as ova travels from fallopian tube and implants into uterine lining
120
Embryonic stage
week 3-8
-organs (except reproductive) and all major body structures develop
-basic features eg. eyes, legs emerge
-heartbeat is detectable by week 8
121
foetal stage
week 9-40
-main goal of foetus is to increase in size
-testes and ovaries are formed
-organs start to function
-bones begin to ossify
-brain begins to perform basic functions to sustain life
122
OBS medicare
covered in public hospital for birth, ultrasound, blood tests and some immunisations
122
OBS PHI
additional/optional coverage. There are waiting periods
123
OBS PBS
can subsidise RX med eg. A/Bs
124
examples of development in infancy
rapid growth, development of FMS and GMS eg walking, simple words and games and identifying familiar people
125
examples f development in early childhood
slow and steady growth, development of social skills, toilet trained, eat with adults and development of communication skills
126
physical development eg
growing, increase size and mass of tissues, replacement of baby teeth, development of immune system, changes in. function of sex organs and puberty
126
fine motor skills
movements that include smaller muscle groups and accuracy/ precision
127
Gross motor skills
movement that involves large muscle groups and require more force
128
social development eg.
increased complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other
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behaviours
relate to how and individual acts around others and learning what behaviours are appropriate in a range of situations
130
aphasia
abnormal condition of inability to speak
130
optimal social development
learning how to speak socialise and behave properly (communicate using verbal, body and sign lang. effectively)
131
speech pathologist role
works with people of all ages who have communication or swallowing difficulties by finding best way to communicate to Meet their needs
132
aphagia
abnormal condition of loss of inability to swallow
133
dysphasia
abnormal condition of difficulty producing/ comprehending speech
134
dysphagia
abnormal condition of difficulty swallowing
135
larynx
provide pathway for air to trachea and produce speech (between pharynx and trachea)
136
medicare SP
up to 5 sessions may be subsidised if referred by GP
137
epiglottis
block larynx when eating so foods and liquids do not go down airways
138
PBS SP
rarely Rx med but can subsidise
139
PHI SP
depends on level of cover
140
OT role
trained to assist people to overcome problems in order to live more independent lives
-participate in meaningful activities
-assessment to understand what activities individuals can do
-discuss current limitations
assist pt with goals and motivations
141
NDIS
National Disability Insurance Scheme
-provides funding to people with disability to help improve quality of life
142
OT medicare
not unless seen in public hospital or part of chronic disease management plan
143
OT PBS
n/a
144
OT PHI
may include some coverage depending on level of cover
145
pharmacist medicare
will cover cost of seeing a Gp in public hospital who may write a RX med for someone
145
OT body systems
muscular, skeletal and nervous
145
other health professions with OT
SP, PT, psychologist, dietician, nurse, doctor, pharmacist, SW and teacher
146
pharmacist
-provide advice on OTC remedies
-dispense Rx medications
-provide services such as smoking cessation, bp measurement and cholesterol management
147
pharmacist PBS
can subside cost of some RX med
148
SW role
help people in crisis and need support by providing counselling, info and referrals to other services
148
pharmacist PHI
may cover gap payment associated with seeing a private doctor who may write a Rx for certain med
148
SW assisting fam
cognital appearance diffcituly may present variety of challenges-> can navigate challenges to maximise HWB and support making decisions
149
accredited mental health SW
trained and educated in mental health
- range of interventions to increase EHWB
-work in wholistic ways that involves ways by addressing factors that affect a persons welling
- may involve individuals or group counselling
150
SW medicare
up to 10 free sessions in mental health plan
151
SW PHI
depending on lvl of cover
152
SW PBS
n/a
153
cleft palette
split/ divide. happens during birth due to inadequate physical development
-includes bilateral cleft lip, cleft lip, cleft palate, unilateral cleft lip and palate and bilateral cleft lip with full palate]
154
dietician role
experts in food and nutrition
-provide guidance on how to appropriately manage diet and nutrition
155
nutritionist role
provide advice on matters relating to food and how it impacts health
-can design, co-ord, implement and evaluate pop health interventions
156
protective nutrients
-fibre
-calcium
-low Gi foods
-iron
157
risk nutrients
saturated fats
trans fats
High GI foods
158
Iron deficiency anaemia
low RBC lead to lack of blood and O2 to body organs.
-link to diet= red met (high in iron) therefore vegetarians at higher risk
-food source= red meat, tofu, soy beans and dark leafy green veg
159
osteoporosis
development of porous bones, bone density thins and weakens, increasing the risk of fractures
-link to diet= prevented with diet high in calcium
-protective nutrients= calcium eg. dairy, soy products and green leafy veg
160
T2DM
pancreas may not produce enough insulin or its action is ineffective
-link to diet = high fat or sugar diet
-protective nutrients= fibre and low GI foods (increasing feeling satiety, decrease risk overeating and pos energy balance)
161
CVD
any condition impacting heart/ blood vessels
-link to diet= high salt, increasing bp and hight fat, increasing EAT
-protective nutrients= fibre and low Gi foods
162
obesity
EAT around the body
-link to diet = high fat= pos energy balance
-protective nutrients= fibre and low GI
163
ADG1
to achieve and maintain healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods to meet energy needs
164
ADG2
enjoy a wide variety of nutritious food from these 5 food groups everyday (dairy, vegetables, fruit, cereal, meat/fish/eggs). Drink plenty of water
165
ADG3
limit foods containing sat.. fats, trans fats and added sugar. Limit alcohol intake
166
ADG4
encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
167
ADG5
care for your food - prepare and store it safely
168
ENs
complete 2yr diploma of nursing.
-provide intervention from pt care plans
-assist RN
-help pt with ADLs
-record vital signs
169
RNs
3yr Bachelor of nursing
-assist pt
-develop nursing care plan
- supervise Ens and jr RN
-work in multidisciplinary teams
170
HR
the number of beats per minute
normal range=60-100bpm
171
taking a pulse steps
1. wash hands/ PPE and introduce yourself to patient
2.obtain informed consent
3. get patient comfortable- flat foot arm relaxed
4. place 2 fingers on radial pulse
5. count and multiply, checking WNL
172
bp
pressure exerted on arteries. measured in mmHG by sphgnomanometer
-WNL= 120/80mmHG
173
systolic bp
pressure exerted on artery walls during venticular contraction
174
diastolic bp
pressure exerted on artery walls during ventricular relaxation
175
RR
the number of breaths per minute
normal range=12-20
176
taking bp
1. wash hands/ PPE and introduce yourself to patient
2.obtain informed consent
3. get patient comfortable- flat foot arm relaxed
4. place cuff above elbow and press start on machine
5. record result and check WNL
177
taking RR
1. wash hands/ PPE and introduce yourself to patient
2.obtain informed consent
3. get patient comfortable and make sure/ ask them to breathe normally
4. count number of breaths and multiply
5. record results and check WNL
178
Biomedical model of health
focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It os a medical mode of car practiced by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease
179
BMoH characteristics
-individualised
-relies heavily on doctors/hosptials
-Dx, Tx and cure
180
New Public health/ social model of health
focus on broader factors that influence hwb - the sociocultural and environment factors that have significant impact on HS to prevent lifestyle disease
181
SMoH characteristics
-target lifestyle disease
-physical, sociocultural, political environment, behavioural change
-prevention of disease
-population based
-non-communicable disease
182
OPH characteristics
-prevention communicable diseases
-population based
-changes in physical environment
183
Old Public model of health
The model of health that focuses on changes to the physical environment and preventing infectious diseases.
184
bgl test
1. gather monitoring supplies (lancet, test, strip, meter)
2.wash hands/ PPE
3. insert strip into meter
4.Hold lancet to side of finger and press the button
5.Use side of finger as tip as pad of finger has more sensitive nerve endings
6. express an adequate drop of blood, making sure to completely cover test strip window.
7. wait - most results take 5 - 60 secs
8. Dispose lancet and test strips go in bin
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